Modulating absorption and postprandial handling of dietary fatty acids by structuring fat in the meal: a randomized crossover clinical trial

Abstract

Background: Prolonged postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In the context of obesity, this is associated with a chronic imbalance of lipid partitioning oriented toward storage and not toward b-oxidation. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that the physical structure of fat in a meal can modify the absorption, chylomicron transport, and further metabolic handling of dietary fatty acids. Design: Nine normal-weight and 9 obese subjects were fed 40 g milk fat (+[13 C]triacylglycerols), either emulsified or nonemulsified, in breakfasts of identical composition. We measured the postprandial triacylglycerol content and size of the chylomicron-rich fraction, plasma kinetics of [ 13 C]fatty acids, exogenous lipid oxidation with breath-test/indirect calorimetry, and fecal excretion. Results: The emulsified fat resulted in earlier (.1 h) and sharper chylomicron and [13 C]fatty acid peaks in plasma than in spread fat in both groups (P , 0.0001). After 2 h, the emulsified fat resulted in greater apolipoprotein B-48 concentrations (9.7 6 0.7 compared with 7.1 6 0.9 mg/L; P , 0.05) in the normal-weight subjects than did the spread fat. In the obese subjects, emulsified fat resulted in a 3-fold greater chylomicron size (218 6 24 nm) compared with the spread fat (P , 0.05). The emulsified fat induced higher dietary fatty acid spillover in plasma and a sharper 13 CO 2 appearance, which provoked increased exogenous lipid oxidation in each group: from 45% to 52% in normal-weight subjects (P , 0.05) and from 40% to 57% in obese subjects (P , 0.01). Conclusion: This study supports a new concept of "slow vs fast fat," whereby intestinal absorption can be modulated by structuring dietary fat to modulate postprandial lipemia and lipid b-oxidation in humans with different BMIs. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01249378.Am J Clin Nutr 2013;97:23-36.

Matrice lipidique et biodisponibilité de l’acide alpha-linolénique

“…De plus, les activités catalytiques des lipases sont également dépendantes de la présence d'agents tensioactifs. L'efficacité de la lipolyse dépend donc également de la nature de l'interface (Borgström, 1975 ;Reis et al, 2008 ;Vors et al, 2012Vors et al, , 2013. Or, il existe une variété de surfactants qui sont utilisés en IAA et peu de données ont mis en évidence un impact de leur nature vis-à-vis de l'absorption de l'ALA.…”

Molecular and structural organization of lipids in foods: their fate during digestion and impact in nutrition

“…Thus, some studies have evidenced the faster absorption and metabolization of emulsified lipids than unemulsified one (Garaiova et al, 2007;Vors et al, 2013). Additionally, the nature of the emulsifiers can affect the metabolism of lymph CM (Daher et al, 2003) and the concentration of TAG in plasma (Keogh et al, 2011).…”

Trials of Diets for Treatment of Diabetes : A comparison of diets for treatment of type 2 diabetes, aspects on long and short term effects

“…The tendency of a higher triglyceride level postprandial after the LCD with a relatively high content of fat is a result of uptake by the small intestine of fat and the transport of triglycerides of chylomicrons in the blood stream. Prolonged postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease but the type of fat could be important 85 . However, the importance of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia for the LCD in long term is uncertain in the view of studies that demonstrated lower fasting triglycerides after LCD 30,41,42,86 .…”