“…According to several reports, the lower urinary tract, which includes VSM, consists of a set of ion channels, such as the voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel (T and L type), the voltage-gated K + channel (Kir, Kv1, Kdr), the voltage-gated Na + channel, voltage-gated Cl − channel Ca 2+ -activated K + (KCa) channels (large conductance and small conductance), the K ATP channel, the CRAC channel, the TRPM channel, and leak channels [ 81 , 82 , 83 ]. The K ATP , Kir, KA, and Kdr are ATP-gated, inward rectifying, A-type, and delayed rectifier-type voltage-gated K + channels.…”