“…13–16 In particular, metal-coordinated N-doped carbon-supported SACs (M–N–C, M = transition metals) have emerged as promising CO 2 RR electrocatalysts, featuring long-term stability, reproducible performance, and potential for large-scale synthesis. 17–21 Prior to these catalysts, metallic tetraazamacrocycles, including porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and biphenanthrolinic hexaazacyclophanes, with similar M–N 4 coordination structures have attracted attention towards catalysis for the CO 2 RR in the 1970s. 22 As early as 1974, Meshitsuka first observed that graphite-supported cobalt or nickel phthalocyanine electrodes showed the polarization curves in aqueous electrolytes with CO 2 ; the reduction product, however, was not identified.…”