Modulating the function of the immune system by thyroid hormones and thyrotropin

Jara, Evelyn; Muñoz‐Durango, Natalia; Llanos, Carolina; Fardella, Carlos E.; González, Pablo A.; Bueno, Susan M.; Kalergis, Alexis M.; Riedel, Claudia A.

doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2017.02.010

Cited by 98 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Given our observations relative to the alteration of ECM dynamics, others cell populations, such as cardiofibroblasts, which are also sensitive to TH action (57), may be relevant to investigate. Indirect mechanisms could relate to immune cell activity, also known to be regulated by TH (58,59). Interestingly, macrophages possess ECM remodeling activity via the expression of mmps (60), and are involved in the development of fibrosis in skeletal muscle (61) and necessary for cardiac regeneration through fibroblast activation in salamander (43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stage-dependent cardiac regeneration inXenopusis regulated by thyroid hormone availability

Marshall

Vivien

Girardot

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Despite therapeutic advances, heart failure is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but why cardiac regenerative capacity is lost in adult humans remains an enigma. Cardiac regenerative capacity widely varies across vertebrates. Zebrafish and newt hearts regenerate throughout life. In mice, this ability is lost in the first postnatal week, a period physiologically similar to thyroid hormone (TH)-regulated metamorphosis in anuran amphibians. We thus assessed heart regeneration in Xenopus laevis before, during, and after TH-dependent metamorphosis. We found that tadpoles display efficient cardiac regeneration, but this capacity is abrogated during the metamorphic larval-to-adult switch. Therefore, we examined the consequence of TH excess and deprivation on the efficiently regenerating tadpole heart. We found that either acute TH treatment or blocking TH production before resection significantly but differentially altered gene expression and kinetics of extracellular matrix components deposition, and negatively impacted myocardial wall closure, both resulting in an impeded regenerative process. However, neither treatment significantly influenced DNA synthesis or mitosis in cardiac tissue after amputation. Overall, our data highlight an unexplored role of TH availability in modulating the cardiac regenerative outcome, and present X. laevis as an alternative model to decipher the developmental switches underlying stage-dependent constraint on cardiac regeneration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stage-dependent cardiac regeneration inXenopusis regulated by thyroid hormone availability

Marshall

Vivien

Girardot

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Stress hormones serve as beacons that make the immune system ready for potential challenges perceived by the brain. Nevertheless, the homeostasis of this system may break down if the enhanced immune response is dysregulated after long activation, as seen during chronic stress [ 32 , 33 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Neuroendocrine Responses To Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between stress hormones and phagocytic cells and its effect on the health status of dairy cows: A review

Alhussien

Dang

2020

Vet World

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Dairy cows are exposed to various stressors during their production cycle that makes them more susceptible to various diseases. Phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) are important soldiers of the innate immune system. Neutrophils are the first responders to an inflammatory response and stress and kill pathogens by generating reactive oxygen species and by the release of various antimicrobial peptides, enzymes, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, etc. Macrophages, the other phagocytes, are also the cleanup crew for the innate immune system that removes debris, pathogens, and dead neutrophils later on after an inflammatory response. The neuroendocrine system along with phagocytes exhibits an immunomodulatory potential during stressful conditions. Neuroendocrine system directly affects the activity of phagocytes by communicating bidirectionally through shared receptors and messenger molecules such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or cytokines. Different immune cells may show variable responses to each hormone. Short time exposure to stress can be beneficial, but repeated or extended exposure to stress may be detrimental to the overall health and well-being of an animal. Although some stresses associated with farming practices in dairy cows are unavoidable, better understanding of the interactions occurring between various stress hormones and phagocytic cells can help to reduce stress, improve productivity and animal welfare. This review highlights the role played by various stress hormones in modulating phagocytic cell performance of dairy cattle under inflammatory conditions.

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“…Accumulating evidence indicates close, bidirectional communication and a mutual regulatory relationship between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Interactions between the endocrine and immune systems have been shown to contribute to the pathophysiology of certain conditions, including sepsis [ 47 ]. Therefore, we tested levels of the hormones melatonin and serotonin, which share tryptophan as a precursor, in the blood plasma and brains of mice with inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymulin, free or bound to PBCA nanoparticles, protects mice against chronic septic inflammation

et al. 2018

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In the present work, we aimed to study the effects of free and polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticle-bound thymulin on immune cell activity in mice with chronic inflammation. NF-κB, MAPK, and PKC-θ signaling pathway activity was assessed, alongside Hsp72, Hsp90-α, and TLR4 expression and levels of apoptosis. In addition, plasma cytokines and blood and brain melatonin and serotonin levels were measured. In mice treated with gradually raised doses of lipopolysaccharide, significant increases in the activity of the signaling pathways tested, heat-shock protein and TLR4 expression, lymphocyte apoptosis, and plasma proinflammatory cytokine levels were noted. Moreover, we observed significantly heightened serotonin concentrations in the plasma and especially the brains of mice with inflammation. In contrast, melatonin levels were reduced in the tissues examined, particularly so in the brain. Treatment of these mice with thymulin alleviated fever, reduced apoptosis, increased splenic cell number, and decreased cytokine production, Hsp72, Hsp90, and TLR4 expression, and the activity of the signaling pathways examined. In addition, thymulin partially restored brain and blood serotonin and melatonin levels. Thus, thymulin suppressed the proinflammatory response in LPS-treated mice, indicating the potential of thymulin co-therapy in the treatment of sepsis. Nanoparticle-bound thymulin was more effective in several respects.

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Modulating the function of the immune system by thyroid hormones and thyrotropin

Cited by 98 publications

References 96 publications

Stage-dependent cardiac regeneration inXenopusis regulated by thyroid hormone availability

Stage-dependent cardiac regeneration inXenopusis regulated by thyroid hormone availability

Interaction between stress hormones and phagocytic cells and its effect on the health status of dairy cows: A review

Thymulin, free or bound to PBCA nanoparticles, protects mice against chronic septic inflammation

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