“…SPPs have the most interesting applications in integrated optical circuits and devices [2,3], such as subwavelength waveguides [4,5], switches [6][7][8][9], sensors [10][11][12][13], biosensors [14], graphene plasmonic meta-surfaces [15], U-shaped waveguides [16], waveguide couplers [17][18][19], metal-dielectric-metal waveguides [20][21][22][23], plasmonic metal-insulator-semiconductor waveguides [24], metal-insulator-semiconductor-metal waveguides [25] detectors [26,27], plasmonic amplifiers [28,29], signal amplifiers [30], solar cells [31], resonators [32][33][34] and demultiplexers [35][36][37].…”