Modulation of AKT Pathway-Targeting miRNAs for Cancer Cell Treatment with Natural Products

Abstract

Many miRNAs are known to target the AKT serine-threonine kinase (AKT) pathway, which is critical for the regulation of several cell functions in cancer cell development. Many natural products exhibiting anticancer effects have been reported, but their connections to the AKT pathway (AKT and its effectors) and miRNAs have rarely been investigated. This review aimed to demarcate the relationship between miRNAs and the AKT pathway during the regulation of cancer cell functions by natural products. Identifying the connections between miRNAs and the AKT pathway and between miRNAs and natural products made it possible to establish an miRNA/AKT/natural product axis to facilitate a better understanding of their anticancer mechanisms. Moreover, the miRNA database (miRDB) was used to retrieve more AKT pathway-related target candidates for miRNAs. By evaluating the reported facts, the cell functions of these database-generated candidates were connected to natural products. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the natural product/miRNA/AKT pathway in the modulation of cancer cell development.

Gender Differences and miRNAs Expression in Cancer: Implications on Prognosis and Susceptibility

“…In fact, these carriers consent to the drug being dissolved, encapsulated, and attached to a nanoparticle matrix. For example, a combination of genistein and doxorubicin has been associated with lower adverse effects compared with doxorubicin hydrochloride alone and induces a decrease in ROS production by prostate cancer cells [14,15].…”

“…Hematopoietic stem cells derive from the mesoderm during embryogenesis and are crucial for the correct development of blood cells and the functioning of the immune system [15][16][17]; both genetic and environmental factors such as chemical substances, radiation, and infections can cause their dysfunction and lead to hematological malignancies. Hematological malignancies, like leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma, represent 7% of new cancer cases globally every year and, despite new treatments including drugs and bone marrow transplantation, they have survival rates far from 100% [18].…”