Ancient and culturally universal, dance is important in many areas of life and brings pleasure, motivational, and health benefits. This is the first comprehensive review of research into its neuroscientific aspects. To produce it, we devised a map of the field, identified relevant papers using the PRISMA guidelines, then summarised and evaluated the results of those papers. We also suggest avenues for future research in: the interactive and collective aspects of dance; groove; dance performance; dance observation; and dance therapy. The interactive and collective aspects of dance constitute a vital part of the field, but have received almost no attention to date. More research has been conducted in the other areas, but they would benefit from additional attention.