Modulation of catecholamine release and cortisol secretion by social interactions in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Sloman, Katherine A.; Montpetit, Colin J.; Gilmour, Kathleen M.

doi:10.1016/s0016-6480(02)00033-3

Cited by 53 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Such a reduced stress response to cope with multiple stressors has also been reported in other species of fish and in mammals (Ortuno et al, 2002;Sloman et al, 2002;Wasmund et al, 2002).…”

Section: Plasma Analysis -Effects O F Water Acidificationsupporting

confidence: 66%

Background adaptation and water acidification affect pigmentation and stress physiology of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus

Salm

Spanings

Gresnigt

et al. 2005

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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The ability to adjust skin darkness to the background is a common phenomenon in fish. The hormone a-melanophore stimulating hormone (aMSH) enhances skin darkening. In Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus L., aMSH acts as a corticotropic hormone during adaptation to water with a low pH, in addition to its role in skin colouration. In the current study, we investigated the responses of this fish to these two environmental challenges when it is exposed to both simultaneously. The skin darkening of tilapia on a black background and the lightening on grey and white backgrounds is compromised in water with a low pH, indicating that the two vastly different processes both rely on aMSH -regulatory mechanisms.If the water is acidified after 25 days of undisturbed background adaptation, fish showed a transient pigmentation change but recovered after two days and continued the adaptation of their skin darkness to match the background. Black backgrounds are experienced by tilapia as more stressful than grey or white backgrounds both in neutral and in low pH water. A decrease of water pH from 7.8 to 4.5 applied over a twoday period was not experienced as stressful when combined with background adaptation, based on unchanged plasma pH and plasma aMSH and Na levels. However, when water pH was lowered after 25 days of undisturbed background adaptation, particularly aMSH levels increased chronically. In these fish, plasma pH and Na levels had decreased, indicating a reduced capacity to maintain ion-homeostasis, implicating that the fish indeed experience stress. We conclude that simultaneous exposure to these two types of stressor has a lower impact on the physiology of tilapia than subsequent exposure to the stressors. * Cover Letter

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“…Such a reduced stress response to cope with multiple stressors has also been reported in other species of fish and in mammals (Ortuno et al, 2002;Sloman et al, 2002;Wasmund et al, 2002).…”

Section: Plasma Analysis -Effects O F Water Acidificationsupporting

confidence: 66%

Background adaptation and water acidification affect pigmentation and stress physiology of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus

Salm

Spanings

Gresnigt

et al. 2005

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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“…Furthermore, Øverli et al (Øverli et al, 1999) observed a higher cortisol response to handling stress in dominant compared with subordinate fish. Similarly, cortisol secretion in response to application of the secretagogue adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in a perfused head kidney preparation was attenuated in subordinate relative to dominant rainbow trout (Sloman et al, 2002b). Nevertheless, the absence of a marked cortisol difference between subordinate and dominant or single (sham) fish in our study suggests that the physiological consequences of subordinate status were reduced in the subordinate fish.…”

Section: Heat Shockmentioning

confidence: 42%

“…Heat shock resulted in a typical mobilization of catecholamines (Currie et al, 2008) and this adrenergic response was not affected by social status. Similarly, Sloman et al (Sloman et al, 2002b), using a perfused head kidney preparation, found no difference in the rate of catecholamine secretion elicited by acetylcholine between dominant and subordinate rainbow trout. Thus, our findings are in agreement with those of previous studies (Sloman et al, 2002b;Thomas and Gilmour, 2006) that have suggested that the function of the acute adrenergic stress response is largely maintained in subordinate rainbow trout despite social stress-induced modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (cortisol) stress axis.…”

Section: Heat Shockmentioning

confidence: 87%

Chronic social stress impairs thermal tolerance in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

LeBlanc

Middleton

Gilmour

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYWhen faced with limited resources, juvenile salmonid fish form dominance hierarchies that result in social stress for socially subordinate individuals. Social stress, in turn, can have consequences for the ability of the fish to respond to additional stressors such as pathogens or exposure to pollutants. In the present study, the possibility that social stress affects the ability of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to tolerate acute increases in water temperature was investigated. To this end, we first evaluated physiological and cellular stress responses following a 1h heat shock in juvenile fish in dominance hierarchies. We measured stress hormone (cortisol and catecholamines) concentrations and blood, brain and liver tissue levels of three heat shock proteins (HSPs), the stress inducible HSP70, the constitutive HSC70 and HSP90, in dominant and subordinate trout. No effects of social status on the hormonal response to the heat stress were detected, but the cellular heat shock response in the brain and liver of dominant and subordinate individuals was inhibited. We then assessed thermal tolerance in dominant and subordinate fish through critical thermal maximum temperature (CT max ) trials and measured HSPs following the heat shock. Subordinate fish were less thermally tolerant than their dominant counterparts. We conclude that social stress impacts the ability of fish to respond, on a cellular scale and in a tissue-specific manner, to increases in water temperature, with likely consequences for overall fitness.

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“…When the dominant/subordinate relationship was decided, plasma cortisol decreased in dominant fish, whereas it continued to increase in subordinate fish. Several studies on different fish species have shown that subordinates display higher cortisol levels than dominants [Sakakura et al, 1998;Winberg and Lepage, 1998;Kurogi and Lida, 1999;Höglund et al, 2000Höglund et al, , 2001Sloman et al, 2002, 2005, Doyon et al, 2003] and cortisol levels seem to stay elevated as long as the subordinate status is maintained [Winberg and Lepage, 1998;Sloman et al, 2001].…”

Section: Social Position Affects Individual Stress Response Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically Determined Variation in Stress Responsiveness in Rainbow Trout: Behavior and Neurobiology

Schjolden

Winberg

2007

Brain Behav Evol

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It is becoming increasingly recognized that the diversity in stressors, their intensity, predictability and the context in which they are experienced, will result in behavioral and physiological responses just as diverse. In addition, stress responses are characterized by individual variations where the physiological and behavioral reactions are associated in such a manner that distinct stress coping styles encompassing suites of correlated traits can be identified. These are often referred to as proactive and reactive stress coping styles. Proactive coping is characterized by more aggression, higher general activity and higher sympathetic activation, whereas reactive coping is characterized by immobility, lack of initiative and a higher parasympathetic/hypothalamic activation. Stable coping styles appear to coexist within populations, and these strategies appear to be largely innate. Moreover, the physiological and behavioral traits of coping styles appear to be heritable. These stress coping styles have proven to play a major role in competitive ability and subsequent social position in different species of vertebrates. However, there are also studies showing that social position can affect parameters encompassing the stress coping style of individuals. In this regard it is important, but not always easy, to distinguish between causes and effects of behavioral and physiological responses to stressors. The question raised is to what extent and rigidness stress coping styles are guided by genetic factors.

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Modulation of catecholamine release and cortisol secretion by social interactions in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Cited by 53 publications

References 58 publications

Background adaptation and water acidification affect pigmentation and stress physiology of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus

Background adaptation and water acidification affect pigmentation and stress physiology of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus

Chronic social stress impairs thermal tolerance in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Genetically Determined Variation in Stress Responsiveness in Rainbow Trout: Behavior and Neurobiology

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