Modulation of Cholesterol-Related Gene Expression by Dietary Fiber Fractions from Edible Mushrooms

Caz, Víctor; Gil-Ramírez, Alicia; Largo, Carlota; Tabernero, María; Santamaría, Mónica López; Martín‐Hernández, Roberto; Marín, Francisco; Reglero, Guillermo; Soler‐Rivas, Cristina

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02942

Cited by 44 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Hepatic ABCG5/8 gene expression was also enhanced by guar gum consumption leading a higher cholesterol efflux from the liver to intestinal lumen 111 . A similar enhancement together with ABCA1 mRNA was noticed in jejunum from mice administrated P. ostreatus fibers (palliative treatment) but without significant cholesterol reduction 107 .…”

Section: Molecular Events Modulated By Fungal Polysaccharidessupporting

confidence: 63%

“…In the preventive setting, the fiber extract modulated cholesterol-related genes expression similarly to simvastatin and ezetimibe in liver (i.e. by inhibiting FDFT1, NR1H3 (LXR) and NR1H4 (FXR) mRNA expression) although no changes in plasma and liver biochemical data was recorded 107 . Later on, when similar extract was applied in a higher concentration and mixed with lard, the hypocholesterolemic effect was noticed (as reduction of TC and LDLc levels) but no relevant modulation of cholesterol-related gene transcription was noticed despite overexpression of NPC1L1 in mice liver and jejunum 98 .…”

Section: Molecular Events Modulated By Fungal Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular actions of hypocholesterolaemic compounds from edible mushrooms

2018

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Cholesterol levels are strictly regulated to maintain its homeostasis; therefore, if it is not absorbed with the diet, the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway is enhanced and vice versa. Nowadays, the commonly prescribed therapeutic treatments for hypocholesterolemic patients are targeted toward the reduction of both cholesterol intestinal absorption and/or its endogenous biosynthesis. But, when hypercholesterolemia is still moderate the consumption of food products with cholesterol-lowering capacities is more desirable than using drugs. Marketed foods supplemented with hypocholesterolemic compounds are only inhibiting mechanisms for cholesterol absorption (i.e. phytosterols and cereal β-glucans). However, certain fungal extracts obtained from edible mushrooms might be able to modulate cholesterol levels by both strategies, pharmaceutical drugs and functional foods. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that fungal sterols down-regulated genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis (such as Srebf2 and Nr1h4 (FXR)) and other specific mushroom extracts (β-glucans and other water-soluble compounds) also stimulated transcriptional profiles similar to simvastatin or ezetimibe (two hypocholesterolemic drugs). These and other observations suggested that the hypocholesterolemic effect of mushroom extracts could be due to transcriptional and post-transcriptional modulations besides other indirect effects.

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Section: Molecular Events Modulated By Fungal Polysaccharidessupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Molecular Events Modulated By Fungal Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular actions of hypocholesterolaemic compounds from edible mushrooms

2018

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“…Soluble metabolites of specific bacteria strains can enhance Fxr gene expression and alleviate weight gain in diet-induced obesity 35 . In addition, Dgat1 expression can be regulated by dietary fiber as well as by SCFA 36, 37 . SCFA administration has been observed to protect from obesity in mice during high-fat feeding and prevented weight gain in overweight adult humans and mice 38–40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polydextrose changes the gut microbiome and attenuates fasting triglyceride and cholesterol levels in Western diet fed mice

Raza

Putaala

Hibberd

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Obesity and dyslipidemia are hallmarks of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Polydextrose (PDX), a soluble fiber has lipid lowering effects. We hypothesize that PDX reduces triglycerides and cholesterol by influencing gut microbiota, which in turn modulate intestinal gene expression. C57BL/6 male mice were fed a Western diet (WD) ±75 mg PDX twice daily by oral gavage for 14 days. Body weight and food intake were monitored daily. Fasting plasma lipids, caecal microbiota and gene expression in intestine and liver were measured after 14 days of feeding. PDX supplementation to WD significantly reduced food intake (p < 0.001), fasting plasma triglyceride (p < 0.001) and total cholesterol (p < 0.05). Microbiome analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium and Coriobacteriaceae taxa associated with lean phenotype, increased in WD + PDX mice. Gene expression analysis with linear mixed-effects model showed consistent downregulation of Dgat1, Cd36, Fiaf and upregulation of Fxr in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon in WD + PDX mice. Spearman correlations indicated that genera enriched in WD + PDX mice inversely correlated with fasting lipids and downregulated genes Dgat1, Cd36 and Fiaf while positively with upregulated gene Fxr. These results suggest that PDX in mice fed WD promoted systemic changes via regulation of the gut microbiota and gene expression in intestinal tract.

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“…g ., Auricularia auricula , Agaricus bisporus , P . ostreatus , and Tremella fuciformis ) have been mainly attributed to dietary fiber [ 11 , 31 ]. In this study, the presence of α-glucans in G .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypocholesterolemic Properties and Prebiotic Effects of Mexican Ganoderma lucidum in C57BL/6 Mice

et al. 2016

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Edible and medicinal mushrooms contain bioactive compounds with promising effects on several cardiovascular risk biomarkers. However, strains of Ganoderma lucidum of Mexican origin have not yet been studied. Standardized extracts of G. lucidum (Gl) were given to C57BL/6 mice fed a high-cholesterol diet compared with the drug simvastatin. The effects of the extracts on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid content, cholesterol metabolism, and the composition of gut microbiota were assessed. Acetylsalicylic acid (10 mM) added to the cultivation substrate modulated properties of Gl extracts obtained from mature basidiomata. Compared to the high-cholesterol diet group, the consumption of Gl extracts significantly reduced total serum cholesterol (by 19.2% to 27.1%), LDL-C (by 4.5% to 35.1%), triglyceride concentration (by 16.3% to 46.6%), hepatic cholesterol (by 28.7% to 52%) and hepatic triglycerides (by 43.8% to 56.6%). These effects were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes (Hmgcr, Srebp1c, Fasn, and Acaca) and genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (Abcg5 and Abcg8), as well as an increase in Ldlr gene expression in the liver. No significant changes were observed in the gene expression of Srebp2, Abca1 or Cyp7a1. In several cases, Gl-1 or Gl-2 extracts showed better effects on lipid metabolism than the drug simvastatin. A proposed mechanism of action for the reduction in cholesterol levels is mediated by α-glucans and β-glucans from Gl, which promoted decreased absorption of cholesterol in the gut, as well as greater excretion of fecal bile acids and cholesterol. The prebiotic effects of Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts modulated the composition of gut microbiota and produced an increase in the Lactobacillaceae family and Lactobacillus genus level compared to the control group, high-cholesterol diet group and group supplemented with simvastatin. Mexican genetic resources of Gl represent a new source of bioactive compounds showing hypocholesterolemic properties and prebiotic effects.

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Modulation of Cholesterol-Related Gene Expression by Dietary Fiber Fractions from Edible Mushrooms

Cited by 44 publications

References 50 publications

Molecular actions of hypocholesterolaemic compounds from edible mushrooms

Molecular actions of hypocholesterolaemic compounds from edible mushrooms

Polydextrose changes the gut microbiome and attenuates fasting triglyceride and cholesterol levels in Western diet fed mice

Hypocholesterolemic Properties and Prebiotic Effects of Mexican Ganoderma lucidum in C57BL/6 Mice

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