Modulation of Dietary Fatty Acids in an Open-Label Study Improves Psoriasis and Dampens the Inflammatory Activation Status

Abstract

Obesity and high abdominal fat mass are risk factors for developing the chronic inflammatory skin disease psoriasis. They are associated with increased incidence, prevalence and severity of the disease. A positive effect of weight loss on psoriasis activity has been shown in several studies. Obesity-related factors such as the dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, the activation of adipose tissue and resultant persistent low-grade inflammation have been discussed as links of obesity and inflammatory diseases. Recently, we demonstrated a critical role of free fatty acids (FFAs) in obesity-mediated exacerbation of psoriatic skin inflammation in both mice and humans. In the present study, we translated these findings into a therapeutic intervention. An open-label study focusing on the dietary reduction of FFAs was conducted in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis, and disease severity and serum markers of inflammation were analyzed. Here, we show that such a dietary intervention improves psoriatic disease activity independently of weight loss. Diet-related metabolic changes, such as a reduction in saturated free fatty acids (SFAs), may thus be more important than weight loss itself. Moreover, dietary intervention inhibited the overall pro-inflammatory activation status in patients, as shown by analysis of serum inflammatory parameters using the Olink platform. From our pilot study, we conclude that dietary intervention focusing on SFA reduction has the capacity to reduce disease activity and general inflammatory status in psoriasis patients.