Modulation of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli Survival and Virulence in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

Jubelin, Grégory; Desvaux, Mickaël; Schüller, Stephanie; Etienne‐Mesmin, Lucie; Muniesa, Maite; Blanquet‐Diot, Stéphanie

doi:10.3390/microorganisms6040115

Cited by 45 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 214 publications

(293 reference statements)

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“…62 Conflicting results were reported concerning the possible increase or, on the contrary, decrease of E. coli stx prophage induction rates by gut metabolites such as nitric oxide or bile salts (reviewed in ref. 64 ). Bile salts were also shown to induce some Salmonella prophages .…”

Section: Prophage Inductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into intestinal phages

et al. 2020

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The intestinal microbiota plays important roles in human health. This last decade, the viral fraction of the intestinal microbiota, composed essentially of phages that infect bacteria, received increasing attention. Numerous novel phage families have been discovered in parallel with the development of viral metagenomics. However, since the discovery of intestinal phages by d'Hérelle in 1917, our understanding of the impact of phages on gut microbiota structure remains scarce. Changes in viral community composition have been observed in several diseases. However, whether these changes reflect a direct involvement of phages in diseases etiology or simply result from modifications in bacterial composition is currently unknown. Here we present an overview of the current knowledge in intestinal phages, their identity, lifestyles, and their possible effects on the gut microbiota. We also gather the main data on phage interactions with the immune system, with a particular emphasis on recent findings.

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Section: Prophage Inductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into intestinal phages

et al. 2020

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“…Studies of basic microbial pathogenesis in classic pathogens such as Salmonella and enterohemorragic E. coli have revealed complex mechanisms of sensing the environment, allowing robust and rapid induction virulence gene expression under select conditions ( Duprey et al., 2014 ; Fang et al., 2016 ; Jubelin et al., 2018 ). AIEC is known to have somewhat analogous sensing machinery ( Chassaing and Darfeuille-Michaud, 2013 ; Chassaing et al., 2013 , 2011 ; Rolhion et al., 2007 ; Sevrin et al., 2020 ; Vazeille et al., 2016 ), suggesting that emulsifiers might impact bacterial surfaces due to their detergent properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Emulsifiers Directly Impact Adherent-Invasive E. coli Gene Expression to Drive Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Viennois¹,

Bretin²,

Dubé³

et al. 2020

Cell Reports

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Summary Dietary emulsifiers carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polysorbate-80 (P80) disturb gut microbiota, promoting chronic inflammation. Mice with minimal microbiota are protected against emulsifiers’ effects, leading us to hypothesize that these compounds might provoke select pathobionts to promote inflammation. Gnotobiotic wild-type (WT) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) −/− mice were colonized with Crohn’s-disease-associated adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) and subsequently administered CMC or P80. AIEC colonization of GF and altered Schaedler flora (ASF) mice results in chronic intestinal inflammation and metabolism dysregulations when consuming the emulsifier. In IL-10 −/− mice, AIEC mono-colonization results in severe intestinal inflammation in response to emulsifiers. Exposure of AIEC to emulsifiers in vitro increases its motility and ability to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that emulsifiers directly induce expression of clusters of genes that mediate AIEC virulence and promotion of inflammation. To conclude, emulsifiers promote virulence and encroachment of pathobionts, providing a means by which these compounds may drive inflammation in hosts carrying such bacteria.

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“…Prediction of proteins or metabolic pathways by PICRUSt analysis revealed some microbiota features that can be linked to increased susceptibility to gut inflammation. It has been shown that several strains of E. coli use flagella to improve their mobility in the gastrointestinal tract under acidic pH and in environment with higher levels of bile salts (64). Moreover, various transmembrane secretion systems are associated with pathobionts and pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet Rich in Animal Protein Promotes Pro-inflammatory Macrophage Response and Exacerbates Colitis in Mice

et al. 2019

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Diet is a major factor determining gut microbiota composition and perturbances in this complex ecosystem are associated with the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we used gnotobiotic approach to analyze, how interaction between diet rich in proteins and gut microbiota influences the sensitivity to intestinal inflammation in murine model of ulcerative colitis. We found that diet rich in animal protein (aHPD) exacerbates acute dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis while diet rich in plant protein (pHPD) does not. The deleterious effect of aHPD was also apparent in chronic DSS colitis and was associated with distinct changes in gut bacteria and fungi. Therefore, we induced acute DSS-colitis in germ-free mice and transferred gut microbiota from aCD or aHPD fed mice to find that this effect requires presence of microbes and aHPD at the same time. The aHPD did not change the number of regulatory T cells or Th17 cells and still worsened the colitis in immuno-deficient RAG2 knock-out mice suggesting that this effect was not dependent on adaptive immunity. The pro-inflammatory effect of aHPD was, however, abrogated when splenic macrophages were depleted with clodronate liposomes. This treatment prevented aHPD induced increase in colonic Ly-6C high pro-inflammatory monocytes, but the ratio of resident Ly-6C −/low macrophages was not changed. These data show that the interactions between dietary protein of animal origin and gut microbiota increase sensitivity to intestinal inflammation by promoting pro-inflammatory response of monocytes.

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Modulation of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli Survival and Virulence in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

Cited by 45 publications

References 214 publications

New insights into intestinal phages

New insights into intestinal phages

Dietary Emulsifiers Directly Impact Adherent-Invasive E. coli Gene Expression to Drive Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Diet Rich in Animal Protein Promotes Pro-inflammatory Macrophage Response and Exacerbates Colitis in Mice

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