Modulation of Fatty Acid Oxidation Alters Contact Hypersensitivity to Urushiols: Role of Aliphatic Chain β-Oxidation in Processing and Activation of Urushiols

Kalergis, Alexis M.; López, Carolina B.; Becker, María; Diaz, M; Sein, Jorge; Garbarino, Juan A.; Ioannes, Alfredo E. De

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12285632

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The contact hypersensitivity test was done as previously reported (Kalergis et al 1997) with some modification. One group was composed of 5 female ICR mice housed 5 in a cage.…”

Section: -2e Testing For Contact Hypersensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Polyphenols as a Double-Edged Sword in Health Promotion: Lessons from the Experimental Models Using Simple Phenolic Acids

Nakamura¹

2016

AGri-Biosci. Monogr. (AGBM)

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erized molecules such as tannins are reportedly identified. Phenolic acids include caffeic acid, vanillic acid, and coumaric acid, that account for approximately onethird of the total dietary intake of polyphenols. Flavonoids, account for the remaining two-thirds of polyphenol intake, can be further subdivided into 13 classes, including flavones, flavanones, flavonols, isoflavones, catechins (flavanols), anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, with more than 5,000 identified compounds. Epidemiological studies have supported the hypothesis that high dietary intake of polyphenols is associated with decreased risk of a range of diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases (Fraga 2007;Martin and Appel 2010). Since the French paradox was described two decades ago (Renaud and Lorgeril 1992), several Abstract Polyphenols in foods possess potential to exhibit various beneficial effects in health promotion. Although polyphenols are well known to have antioxidant properties, a wealth of data suggests that most of the relevant mechanisms of disease prevention by polyphenols are not mainly related to their antioxidant properties. The protective function of phenolic compounds, which can be metabolically converted into electrophiles, might be ascribed to the induction of the cytoprotective responses against oxidative stress or toxic chemicals. Based on compelling evidence regarding the beneficial potential of polyphenols, various polyphenol-rich dietary supplements are being developed for public use. It is recently becoming apparent that commonly used dietary compounds can exert deleterious effects at pharmacological (supraphysiological) doses. Moreover, some human intervention trials showed not only failure to protect by polyphenols but accelerated development of chronic diseases in susceptible subjects. Thus, the present monograph tries to provide experimental evidence supporting the idea that optimal polyphenol supplementation can confer beneficial effects but high doses elicit adverse effects in an electrophilic reaction-dependent manner, thereby establishing a double-edge sword in health promotion. Current knowledge of polyphenols as phase II inducers is also discussed, with consideration of the metabolic activation, binding targets and factors influencing the biological activities of polyphenols. In addition, this monograph attempts to provide a brief perspective on the beneficial and harmful effects of food polyphenols. Fig. 1. The major reactions of a catechol type-polyphenol; antioxidant, pro-oxidant, and electrophilic conjugation reactions. Reprinted from Bioscience, Biotechnology and Bioscience, 74(2), Nakamura and Miyoshi, Electrophiles in foods: the current status of isothiocyanates and their chemical biology, 242-255, Fig. 2. Conceptual illustration of electrophile and nucleophile. Reprinted from Bioscience, Biotechnology and Bioscience, 74(2), Nakamura and Miyoshi, Electrophiles in foods: the current status of isothiocyanates and their chemical biology, 242-255,

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“…The contact hypersensitivity test was done as previously reported (Kalergis et al 1997) with some modification. One group was composed of 5 female ICR mice housed 5 in a cage.…”

Section: -2e Testing For Contact Hypersensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Polyphenols as a Double-Edged Sword in Health Promotion: Lessons from the Experimental Models Using Simple Phenolic Acids

Nakamura¹

2016

AGri-Biosci. Monogr. (AGBM)

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“…Well-known examples of prohaptens are cinnamyl alcohol (3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol) and urushiols [139, 140]. Some compounds are prehaptens as well as prohaptens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic contact dermatitis: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, in vitro methods and regulatory aspects

Peiser

Tralau

Heidler

et al. 2011

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

321

214

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Contact allergies are complex diseases, and one of the important challenges for public health and immunology. The German ‘Federal Institute for Risk Assessment’ hosted an ‘International Workshop on Contact Dermatitis’. The scope of the workshop was to discuss new discoveries and developments in the field of contact dermatitis. This included the epidemiology and molecular biology of contact allergy, as well as the development of new in vitro methods. Furthermore, it considered regulatory aspects aiming to reduce exposure to contact sensitisers. An estimated 15–20% of the general population suffers from contact allergy. Workplace exposure, age, sex, use of consumer products and genetic predispositions were identified as the most important risk factors. Research highlights included: advances in understanding of immune responses to contact sensitisers, the importance of autoxidation or enzyme-mediated oxidation for the activation of chemicals, the mechanisms through which hapten-protein conjugates are formed and the development of novel in vitro strategies for the identification of skin-sensitising chemicals. Dendritic cell cultures and structure-activity relationships are being developed to identify potential contact allergens. However, the local lymph node assay (LLNA) presently remains the validated method of choice for hazard identification and characterisation. At the workshop the use of the LLNA for regulatory purposes and for quantitative risk assessment was also discussed.

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“…Due to the strong steric hindrance that the long aliphatic chain would present to the binding of the urushiol–modified peptide to cellular MHC–I molecules, it seems very unlikely that this portion of the molecule can remain during the antigen presentation process [11]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, drugs that increase fatty acid metabolism in mice augment the immune response to urushiol in those animals [11], and urushiol is metabolized to H 2 O 2 by rat hepatocytes in vitro [11Kalergis and De Ioannes, upubl. results].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD8+ T Cells Are the Effectors of the Contact Dermatitis Induced by Urushiol in Mice and Are Regulated by CD4+ T Cells

López

Kalergis

Becker

et al. 1998

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: The exposure of human skin to leaves and branches of litre (Lithraea caustica), a Chilean endemic tree, induces a severe contact dermatitis characterized by swelling and pruritus in susceptible individuals. The allergenic priniciple of litre is 3–pentadecyl (10–enyl) catechol (litreol), which is structurally similar to the allergens isolated from poison oak and poison ivy. All of them belong to a family of compounds named urushiols. As a proelectrophilic allergen, litreol must be intracellularly activated before modifying proteins of individuals exposed to it. As a result, self–peptides derived from litreol–modified intracellular proteins would be presented in the context of class I MHC molecules. We hypothesized that CD8+ T lymphocytes would play a major role during the effector phase of the immune response induced by those modified peptides. In order to test this hypothesis, we investigated the cellular immune response to litreol in Balb/cJ mice. The role of the different lymphocyte subpopulations in this response was assessed by immunodepleting mice of CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocytes using specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We report the observation that the contact dermatitis induced by litreol has two components: a primary response which does not require TCRαβ+ T cells, and a secondary response mediated mainly by CD8+ T cells and regulated by CD4+ T cells. Our results show that CD8+ lymphocytes play a central role as effectors of the secondary response to litreol. Furthermore, our data suggest that two functionally different CD4+ T subpopulations serve as regulators of the CD8+ T cell function: a CD4+ T helper population sensitive to a low dose of the depleting mAb, and CD4+ T suppressor population which is eliminated only with a high dose of depleting mAb.

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Modulation of Fatty Acid Oxidation Alters Contact Hypersensitivity to Urushiols: Role of Aliphatic Chain β-Oxidation in Processing and Activation of Urushiols

Cited by 27 publications

References 32 publications

Plant Polyphenols as a Double-Edged Sword in Health Promotion: Lessons from the Experimental Models Using Simple Phenolic Acids

Plant Polyphenols as a Double-Edged Sword in Health Promotion: Lessons from the Experimental Models Using Simple Phenolic Acids

Allergic contact dermatitis: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, in vitro methods and regulatory aspects

CD8+ T Cells Are the Effectors of the Contact Dermatitis Induced by Urushiol in Mice and Are Regulated by CD4+ T Cells

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