Modulation of gut microbiota in healthy rats after exposure to nutritional supplements

Čoklo, Mirna; Maslov, Dina Rešetar; Pavelić, Sandra Kraljević

doi:10.1080/19490976.2020.1779002

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…In addition, phenylalanine metabolism is a major pathway for anthocyanin biosynthesis ( 50 ). Anthocyanin aroused a wide public concern as a potent beneficial metabolite due to its antioxidant activity, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antithrombotic characteristics ( 51 , 52 ). Anthocyanin was detected after fermentation as well, suggesting that fermentation may improve the nutritional value of the fermented substances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Microbiomic and Metabolomic Dynamics of Fermented Corn and Soybean By-Product Mixed Substrate

et al. 2022

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Microbes and their metabolites produced in fermented food have been considered as critical contributors to the quality of the final products, but the comprehensive understanding of the microbiomic and metabolomic dynamics in plant-based food during solid-state fermentation remains unclear. Here, the probiotics of Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis were inoculated into corn and defatted soybean to achieve the two-stage solid-state fermentation. A 16S sequencing and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry were applied to investigate the dynamics of microbiota, metabolites, and their integrated correlations during fermentation. The results showed that the predominant bacteria changed from Streptophyta and Rickettsiales at 0 h to Bacillus and Pseudomonas in aerobic stage and then to Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas in anaerobic stage. In total, 229 notably different metabolites were identified at different fermentation times, and protein degradation, amino acid synthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism were the main metabolic pathways during the fermentation. Notably, phenylalanine metabolism was the most important metabolic pathway in the fermentation process. Further analysis of the correlations among the microbiota, metabolites, and physicochemical characteristics indicated that Bacillus spp. was significantly correlated with amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism in aerobic stage, and Enterococcus spp. was remarkably associated with amino acids metabolism and lactic acid production in the anaerobic stage. The present study provides new insights into the dynamic changes in the metabolism underlying the metabolic and microbial profiles at different fermentation stages, and are expected to be useful for future studies on the quality of fermented plant-based food.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Microbiomic and Metabolomic Dynamics of Fermented Corn and Soybean By-Product Mixed Substrate

et al. 2022

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“…19,20 The Pirc model had a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria than WT rats, while Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Tenericutes were lower (Figure 2d), as observed in mouse and human microbiomes. [21][22][23][24] Based on fold-change in abundance, SPI intake decreased Proteobacteria and Tenericutes, and increased Verrucomicrobia (Figure 2e). Changes also were noted at the Family (Figure 2f) and genus level (Figure 2g).…”

Section: The Gut Microbiota Is Altered By Dietary Spinachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary spinach reshapes the gut microbiome in an Apc-mutant genetic background: mechanistic insights from integrated multi-omics

Chen

Menon

et al. 2021

Gut Microbes

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Complex interrelationships govern the dynamic interactions between gut microbes, the host, and exogenous drivers of disease outcome. A multi-omics approach to cancer prevention by spinach (SPI) was pursued for the first time in the polyposis in rat colon (Pirc) model. SPI fed for 26 weeks (10% w/w, freeze-dried in the diet) exhibited significant antitumor efficacy and, in the Apc-mutant genetic background, β-catenin remained highly overexpressed in adenomatous polyps. However, in both wild type and Apc-mutant rats, increased gut microbiome diversity after SPI consumption coincided with reversal of taxonomic composition. Metagenomic prediction implicated linoleate and butanoate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and pathways in cancer, which was supported by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Thus, tumor suppression by SPI involved marked reshaping of the gut microbiome along with changes in host RNA-miRNA networks. When colon polyps were compared with matched normallooking tissues via metabolomics, anticancer outcomes were linked to SPI-derived linoleate bioactives with known anti-inflammatory/ proapoptotic mechanisms, as well as N-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate, consistent with altered butanoate metabolism stemming from increased α-diversity of the gut microbiome. In colon tumors from SPI-fed rats, L-glutamate and N-acetylneuraminate also were reduced, implicating altered mitochondrial energetics and cell surface glycans involved in oncogenic signaling networks and immune evasion. In conclusion, a multi-omics approach to cancer prevention by SPI provided mechanistic support for linoleate and butanoate metabolism, as well as tumor-associated changes in L-glutamate and N-acetylneuraminate. Additional factors, such as the fiber content, also warrant further investigation with a view to delaying colectomy and drug intervention in at-risk patients.

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“…More human microbial species were captured by rats than by mice [112]. As a result, rats are frequently used in cross-species microbiome analysis to study a wide range of human pathologies [113][114]. The bene cial pharmacological effects of a new probiotic formula on the gut microbiota of rats after one-month treatment with three bio, three natural Lactobacilli species in CTX-injury are reported here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

3L, three-Lactobacilli on recovering of microbiome and immune-damage by cyclophosphamide chemotherapy

Yue

Zhang

Bian

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background We examined the impact of using a probiotic containing three different Lactobacilli (3L) on the gut microbiome of rats following cyclophosphamide (CTX) treatment. CTX corresponded to chemotherapy which is used for human cancer treatment and known to have adversive effects on the immune system. Methods We conducted our experiment with ten rats in five different experimental groups which included control, CTX treated, and then low, medium, and high probiotic treatment with CTX treatment. Of these ten rats in each group, we sequenced the stool of three of them using both ITS and 16S sequencing. We then went on to examine the taxonomic composition of these samples to determine whether probiotic treatment helped the rat’s microbiome return to similar structure as the control rats. Results We used Illumina MiSeq sequencing to generate sequencing data from microbial genomic DNA libraries, which is useful for testing the effects of 3L on bacteria and fungi. Microbiome analysis, phylogenetic and classification reports, and community data have all backed up the experiments and findings that 3L had a significant positive impact on the microbiome. Furthermore, the effect on specific metabolic pathways aids in deriving the study’s conclusion (use of 3L in chemotherapy) to the mode of action, mechanistically by correcting microbiota composition and enhancing specific gut metabolic functions. Conclusions Through experimental results using an in vivo model, we suggested the role of novel natural probiotics 3L, 3 Lactobacilli in the establishment of a strong and sustainable beneficial healthy gut flora, after CTX chemotherapy. We suggested some new adjuvants to chemotherapy as drugs + lactobacillus treament using the rat CTX model (immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide). Furthermore, in numerous studies that reported the use of probiotics involving Lactobacillus in post-chemo or post-surgical procedures, we proposed a new probiotic formulation (L. acidophilus + L. casei + L. plantarum) to be further studied and explored in the prevention of health condition loss by alteration of the general immune system.

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Modulation of gut microbiota in healthy rats after exposure to nutritional supplements

Cited by 29 publications

References 110 publications

Integrated Microbiomic and Metabolomic Dynamics of Fermented Corn and Soybean By-Product Mixed Substrate

Integrated Microbiomic and Metabolomic Dynamics of Fermented Corn and Soybean By-Product Mixed Substrate

Dietary spinach reshapes the gut microbiome in an Apc-mutant genetic background: mechanistic insights from integrated multi-omics

3L, three-Lactobacilli on recovering of microbiome and immune-damage by cyclophosphamide chemotherapy

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