Modulation of gut mucosal microbiota as a mechanism of probiotics‐based adjunctive therapy for ulcerative colitis

Abstract

This was a pilot study aiming to evaluate the effects of probiotics as adjunctive treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC). Twenty-five active patients with UC were assigned to the probiotic (n = 12) and placebo (n = 13) groups. The probiotic group received mesalazine (60 mg kg À1 day À1) and oral probiotics (containing Lactobacillus casei Zhang, Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis V9) twice daily for 12 weeks, while the placebo group received the same amounts of mesalazine and placebo. The clinical outcomes were assessed. The gut mucosal microbiota was profiled by PacBio single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing of the full-length 16S rRNA of biopsy samples obtained by colonoscopy. A significantly greater magnitude of reduction was observed in the UC disease activity index (UCDAI) in the probiotic group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.043), accompanying by a higher remission rate (91.67% for probiotic-receivers versus 69.23% for placebo-receivers, P = 0.034). The probiotics could protect from diminishing of the microbiota diversity and richness. Moreover, the gut mucosal microbiota of the probiotic-receivers had significantly more beneficial bacteria like Eubacterium ramulus (P < 0.05), Pediococcus pentosaceus (P < 0.05), Bacteroides fragilis (P = 0.02) and Weissella cibaria (P = 0.04). Additionally, the relative abundances of the beneficial bacteria correlated significantly but negatively with the UCDAI score, suggesting that the probiotics might alleviate UC symptoms by modulating the gut mucosal microbiota. Our research has provided new insights into the mechanism of symptom alleviation in UC by applying probiotic-based adjunctive treatment.

Adjunctive Probiotics Alleviates Asthmatic Symptoms via Modulating the Gut Microbiome and Serum Metabolome

“…Probiotic adjuvant therapy has shown clinical efficacy in alleviating a number of medical conditions, including irritable bowel syndrome ( 28 ), anxiety symptoms ( 29 ), atopic dermatitis ( 30 ), and allergic asthmatics ( 21 ). Gut dysbiosis is a known trigger in multifactorial disorders, and the modulation of gut microbiota by probiotics is one of the potential mechanisms of the adjunctive efficacy ( 31 ). The gut microbiota is linked to human health and host immunity.…”

Methyl-Donor Micronutrient for Gestating Sows: Effects on Gut Microbiota and Metabolome in Offspring Piglets

“…Previous studies also show that high relative abundances of Romboutsia are associated with decreased risk for infection in kidney transplant recipients ( 39 ), the Turicibacter might play a role in inflammatory bowel diseases and was proportional in concentration to that of butyric acid ( 40 , 41 ). Weissella and pediococcus are recognized probiotic genera, which play a role in improving the health of the host ( 42 , 43 ). Our data show that the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria is increased in MET piglets, which could play an inhibitory role in the growth of intestinal pathogenic bacteria and relieve metabolic diseases and intestinal inflammation ( 44 , 45 ).…”

Intestinal and Mucosal Microbiomic Response to Oral Challenge of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli in Weaned Pigs

“…Similarly, lowered ileal expression of FABP6 was also found in the pigs orally infected by Salmonella typhimurium 16 , suggesting the involvement of bile acids metabolism in the bacterial diarrhoea. In the enterohepatic recycle of bile acids, more than 95% of the bile acids are reabsorbed in the ileum and transported back to the liver for reuse 17,18 . Apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), almost exclusively expressed in the ileum, is the main transporter that absorbs bile acids from the intestinal lumen 19 .…”

“…The full-length 16S sequencing of the ileal mucosal microbiome was performed as previously described 52 . Brie y, the ileal mucus was scraped and the bacterial genomic DNA was extracted with a DNA Stool Mini-Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany).…”