Modulation of HOXA10 and other markers of endometrial receptivity by age and human chorionic gonadotropin in an endometrial explant model

HOXA-10 and E-cadherin expression in the endometrium of women with recurrent implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage

“…Interestingly, there appeared to be a positive correlation between HOXA-10 and E-cadherin levels in all of the endometrial biopsies examined. an earlier report that endometrial HOXA-10 mRNA expression level was inversely correlated with age (28).…”

The value of HCG serum concentrations after trigger in predicting pregnancy and live birth rates in IVF–ICSI

“…Licht et al (1998) found that intrauterine 500 IU of HCG provoked a significant stimulation of leukaemia inhibitory factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase 9. It also directly increased the expression of HOXA10 and other markers of endometrial receptivity, supporting the role of HCG as a candidate protein for blastocyst-endometrial communication (Fogle et al, 2010;Racicot et al, 2014). Schumacher et al (2013) found that HCG produced mainly by the trophoblast was one of the factors attracting human regulatory T cells efficiently to the fetal-maternal interface contributing to their local accumulation, so HCG was deemed as a central regulator of pregnancy immune tolerance.…”

The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the endometrium during the peri-implantation period in women with and without polyps

“…The expression shows cyclical variations (Boomsma et al, 2009), being reduced in the proliferative phase but increased in the secretory phase. Human chorionic gonadotrophin increases VEGF expression in the endometrium, which in turn facilitates the process of embryo implantation (Fogle et al, 2012). A recent study found that the level of VEGF in uterine fl uid of women with unexplained infertility was signifi cantly reduced during the implantation window (Hannan et al, 2011).…”