Modulation of Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity Against Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Vaccines by Oral Administration ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium Expressing Chicken Interleukin-18

Abstract

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) has been known to induce interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production and promote Th1 immunity. Although mammalian IL-18 has been characterized in great detail, the properties and application of chicken IL-18 remain largely uninvestigated as of yet. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory properties of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chicken interleukin-18 (chIL-18) on immune responses induced by avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines. After oral administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIL-18, chickens were vaccinated intramuscularly with the recommended dose of either inactivated AI H9N2 vaccine or ND (B1 strain) vaccine. Chickens receiving a primary vaccination were boosted using the same protocol 7 days later. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were evaluated in terms of HI antibody titers and proliferation and mRNA expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in response to specific antigen stimulation. According to our results, oral administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIL-18 induced enhanced humoral and Th1-biased cell-mediated immunity against AI and ND vaccines, compared to that of chickens received S. enterica serovar Typhimurium harboring empty vector. Therefore, we conclude that our proposed vaccination regimen using inactivated AI and ND viruses along with oral administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIL-18 may provide a novel approach in protecting chicken from currently circulating AI and ND virus strains.

Prokaryotic Expression and Anti-IBDV Activity of Chicken Interleukin-18 and Interferon-γ

“…It has been reported that the combined administration of chicken IFN-α (ChIFN-α) and ChIL-18 using a Salmonella vaccine strain is an effective immunization strategy against avian influenza H9N2 virus in chicken [Rahman et al, 2012]. The report has indicated that administering ChIL-18 may be a novel approach for protecting chicken from currently circulating avian influenza and Newcastle Disease virus strains [Rahman et al, 2013]. Many studies have shown that recombinant ChIL-18 boosts the immune responses to avian virus vaccines [Degen et al, 2005;Chen et al, 2010;Rahman et al, 2013], and in vitro studies have recently shown that, similar to IL-1 [Degen et al, 2005], IL-18 overexpression inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in a hepatoma cell line [Chen et al, 2010].…”

“…The report has indicated that administering ChIL-18 may be a novel approach for protecting chicken from currently circulating avian influenza and Newcastle Disease virus strains [Rahman et al, 2013]. Many studies have shown that recombinant ChIL-18 boosts the immune responses to avian virus vaccines [Degen et al, 2005;Chen et al, 2010;Rahman et al, 2013], and in vitro studies have recently shown that, similar to IL-1 [Degen et al, 2005], IL-18 overexpression inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in a hepatoma cell line [Chen et al, 2010]. IL-18 is also required for the activation of NK cells in response to infections with vaccinia virus and murine cytomegalovirus and plays a critical role in antiviral defense [Su et al, 2011].…”

Cloning and Expression of Mature Chicken Interleukin- 18 Using Live Attenuated Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium

“…As chIL-18 secreted from χ8501/chIL-18 was shown to induce nitric oxide (NO) production by HD-11 cells measured by Griess assay indicating IFN-γ release, the secreted chIL-18 was biologically active. Additionally, in vivo biological activity of chIL-18 secreted by χ8501/chIL-18 in chicken host system has been studied at our lab [18][19][20][21].…”

The Role of Non-specific and Specific Immune Systems in Poultry against Newcastle Disease

“…Sel Th-1 dan ekspresi IL-18 dapat dideteksi pada hari ketiga pasca-vaksinasi ND inaktif. Sel IL-18 mampu menginduksi ekspresi sitokin IL-4 dan IFN-γ yang berperan penting dalam respon kekebalan Th-1 (Rahman et al 2013). Respon CMI lebih cepat muncul pada unggas yang divaksinasi dengan vaksin virus ND hidup (Reynolds & Maraqa 2000).…”