“…RA regulates the growth and differentiation of many different cell types, and plays an important role in development (De Luca, 1991). Many genes are known to be modulated by RA treatment, such as Stra genes (Stra1 -13) (Bouillet et al, 1995;Boudjelal et al, 1997), midkine (Muramatsu et al, 1993), ICAM-1 (Cilenti et al, 1995), STAT1 (Kolla et al, 1996), IL-8 (Harant et al, 1996) and IL-2 receptor alpha subunit (Bhatti and Sidell, 1994). Among signal transduction molecules, c-erbB2 promoter activity and X17C (a novel MAP kinase phosphatase) were found to be upregulated by RA (Hudson et al, 1990;Mason et al, 1996).…”