Modulation of MCP-1 and iNOS by 50-Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic field

Reale, Marcella; Lutiis, Maria Anna De; Patruno, Antonia; Speranza, Lorenza; Felaco, Mario; Grilli, Alfredo; Macrì, Monica; Comani, Silvia; Conti, Pio; Luzio, S. Di

doi:10.1016/j.niox.2005.11.010

Cited by 49 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Interestingly, Cossarizza et al [1993] and Jonai et al [1996] found altered cytokine production in cells exposed to ELF-EMF. Reale et al [2006] found increased levels of MCP-1 chemokine and increased NF-kB protein expression in adherent mononuclear cells exposed to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field. Their study showed lowered iNOS protein levels, which is consistent with our findings (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields affect the immune response of monocyte‐derived macrophages to pathogens

Akan

Aksu

Tulunay

et al. 2010

Bioelectromagnetics

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This study aimed to determine the effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on the physiological response of phagocytes to an infectious agent. THP-1 cells (human monocytic leukemia cell line) were cultured and 50 Hz, 1 mT EMF was applied for 4-6 h to cells induced with Staphylococcus aureus or interferon gamma/lipopolysaccharide (IFγ/LPS). Alterations in nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels, heat shock protein 70 levels (hsp70), cGMP levels, caspase-9 activation, and the growth rate of S. aureus were determined. The growth curve of exposed bacteria was lower than the control. Field application increased NO levels. The increase was more prominent for S. aureus-induced cells and appeared earlier than the increase in cells without field application. However, a slight decrease was observed in iNOS levels. Increased cGMP levels in response to field application were closely correlated with increased NO levels. ELF-EMF alone caused increased hsp70 levels in a time-dependent manner. When cells were induced with S. aureus or IFγ/LPS, field application produced higher levels of hsp70. ELF-EMF suppressed caspase-9 activation by a small extent. These data confirm that ELF-EMF affects bacterial growth and the response of the immune system to bacterial challenges, suggesting that ELF-EMF could be exploited for beneficial uses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields affect the immune response of monocyte‐derived macrophages to pathogens

Akan

Aksu

Tulunay

et al. 2010

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…n ¼ 3 for IM signal, n ¼ 1for 50 Hz signal. Reale et al, 2006] or HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells [Tokalov and Gutzeit, 2004]. Changes in the gene expression of pro-inflammatory genes were also found in skin cells [Vianale et al, 2008].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Low‐frequency electromagnetic fields do not alter responses of inflammatory genes and proteins in human monocytes and immune cell lines

Bouwens

Kleijn

Ferwerda

et al. 2011

Bioelectromagnetics

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The effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields (LF EMF) on human health are the subject of on-going research and serious public concern. These fields potentially elicit small effects that have been proposed to have consequences, either positive or negative, for biological systems. To reveal potentially weak but biologically relevant effects, we chose to extensively examine exposure of immune cells to two different signals, namely a complex multiple waveform field, and a 50 Hz sine wave. These immune cells are highly responsive and, in vivo, modulation of cytokine expression responses can result in systemic health effects. Using time course experiments, we determined kinetics of cytokine and other inflammation-related genes in a human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1, and primary monocytes and macrophages. Moreover, cytokine protein levels in THP-1 monocytes were determined. Exposure to either of the two signals did not result in a significant effect on gene and protein expression in the studied immune cells. Also, additional experiments using non-immune cells showed no effects of the signals on cytokine gene expression. We therefore conclude that these LF EMF exposure conditions are not expected to significantly modulate innate immune signaling. Bioelectromagnetics ß 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…The generation of high levels of NO is usually associated with the expression and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), that is upregulated in several pathological conditions as a result of different biological and physical stimuli (Reale et al, 2006). Evidence of an association between the capacity of extremely low field (ELF)-electromagnetic field (EMF) to activate immune-relevant cells and free radical-based physiological responses was observed (Zwirska-Korczala et al, 2005;Frahm et al, 2006;Lupke et al, 2006;Akdag et al, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Activity of matrix metallo proteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)‐1 in electromagnetic field‐exposed THP‐1 cells

Patruno¹,

Pesce²,

Marrone³

et al. 2012

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) are the main determinants of tissue remodeling in both physiological and pathological processes. Metabolic processes, which generate oxidants and antioxidants can be influenced by environmental factors such as electromagnetic fields (EMF). We analyzed the effects of EMF on the activity and expression of MMPs in THP-1 cells. Cells were exposed to a 50 Hz, 1 mT EMF for 24 h and incubated with or without LPS. Our data indicate that THP-1 cells exposed to EMF causes a reduction of anti-oxidant enzyme activity and an enhancement of nitrogen intermediates involving the iNOS pathway. We then analyzed the role of nitration of TIMP-1 in increasing the activity of MMPs in EMF exposed cells. Molecular modeling tools were employed to identify the most plausible sites in the active conformation of TIMP-1; at least two protein sites, Y120 and Y38 and/or Y72 were identified. Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) may affect protein targets, such as TIMP-1, which are crucial for the regulation of MMP activities by oxidation of sulfydryl groups, or by nitration of tyrosine residues. These results may suggest a pathway connecting an imbalance of MMPs and their cognate inhibitor TIMP-1.

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Modulation of MCP-1 and iNOS by 50-Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic field

Cited by 49 publications

References 40 publications

Extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields affect the immune response of monocyte‐derived macrophages to pathogens

Extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields affect the immune response of monocyte‐derived macrophages to pathogens

Low‐frequency electromagnetic fields do not alter responses of inflammatory genes and proteins in human monocytes and immune cell lines

Activity of matrix metallo proteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)‐1 in electromagnetic field‐exposed THP‐1 cells

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