“…The fMRI has been used to study stimulus-related responses, such as noxious electrical stimulation of the skin or peripheral nerve (Davis, Taylor, Crawley, Wood, & Mikulis, 1997;Davis, Wood, Crawley, & Mikulis, 1995;Oshiro et al, 1998), noxious heat or cold (Apkarian, Darbar, Krauss, Gelnar, & Szeverenyi, 1999;Becerra et al, 1999;Davis, Kwan, Crawley, & Mikulis, 1998;Gelnar, Krauss, Sheehe, Szeverenyi, & Apkarian, 1999;Ploghaus et al, 1999;Raij, Forss, Stancak, & Hari, 2005), mechanical (Disbrow, Buonocore, Antognini, Carstens, & Rowley, 1998), chemical (Maihofner & Handwerker, 2005;Porro, Cettolo, Francescato, & Baraldi, 1998) or visceral stimuli (Binkofski et al, 1998). Brain areas that can be activated include the SI, SII, anterior insula, ACC, thalamus, and cerebellum.…”