This study was conducted to evaluate the adjuvant potential of sulfated Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan polysaccharides (sRCPS) and their effects on specific cellular and humoral immune responses to hepatitis B subunit vaccine in mice. Our data demonstrated that sRCPS significantly promoted the rHBsAg-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody titers, the activities of natural killer cells (NK) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), T cells proliferation, and phagocytic capacity of peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, sRCPS increased the levels of IL-4, IL-2, and IFN-γ in CD4(+)T cells and the level of IFN-γ in CD8(+)T cells. In addition, sRCPS enhanced the expression of CD40(+), CD80(+), CD86(+), MHC I and MHC II in dendritic cells (DCs) and upregulated the mRNA levels of MHC I, MHC II. sRCPS downregulated the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells. sRCPS increased both cellular and humoral immune responses by upregulating DC maturation, and suppressing the frequency of Treg cells.