Modulation of Phototropin Signalosome with Artificial Illumination Holds Great Potential in the Development of Climate-Smart Crops

Abstract

: Changes in environmental conditions like temperature and light critically influence crop production. To deal with these changes, plants possess various photoreceptors such as Phototropin (PHOT), Phytochrome (PHY), Cryptochrome (CRY), and UVR8 that work synergistically as a sensor and stress sensing receptor to different external cues. PHOTs are capable of regulating several functions like growth and development, chloroplast re-location, thermomorphogenesis, metabolite accumulation, stomatal opening, and phototropism in plants. PHOT plays a pivotal role in overcoming the damage caused by excess light and other environmental stresses (heat, cold, and salinity) and biotic stress. The crosstalk between photoreceptors and phytohormones contrib-utes to plant growth, seed germination, photo-protection, flowering, phototropism, and stomatal opening. Molecular genetic studies using gene targeting and synthetic biology approaches have revealed the potential role of different photoreceptor genes in the manipulation of various beneficial agronomic traits. Overexpression of PHOT2 in Fragaria ananassa leads to the increase in anthocyanin content in its leaves and fruits. Artificial illumination with blue light alone and in combination with red light influence the growth, yield, and secondary metabolite production in many plants while in algal species it affects growth, chlorophyll content, lipid produc-tion, and increase its bioremediation efficiency. Artificial illumination alters the morphological, developmental, and physiological characteristics of agronomic crops and algal species. This review focuses on PHOT modulat-ed signalosome and artificial illumination-based photo-biotechnological approaches for the development of Climate-Smart Crops.

Content, Composition, and Biosynthesis of Anthocyanin in Fragaria Species: A Review

“…Light treatment also increased the expression of MYB10 in F. ×ananassa and F. vesca, thereby increasing the expression of anthocyanin structural genes and anthocyanin biosynthesis (Kadomura-Ishikawa et al 2015a;Xu et al 2018). Recent studies have shown that photoreceptors, such as Phototropin 2 (PHOT2), are crucial in mediating anthocyanin accumulation in response to light (Sharma et al 2021;Zhang et al 2016). Overexpression of PHOT2 increases anthocyanin content in its leaves and fruits in F. ×ananassa (Sharma et al 2021).…”

“…Recent studies have shown that photoreceptors, such as Phototropin 2 (PHOT2), are crucial in mediating anthocyanin accumulation in response to light (Sharma et al 2021;Zhang et al 2016). Overexpression of PHOT2 increases anthocyanin content in its leaves and fruits in F. ×ananassa (Sharma et al 2021).…”

Tobacco plants expressing the defensin NaD1 enhance drought tolerance characteristics in transgenic lines

“…Expression of speci c genes or production of common secondary messengers play crucial roles in the regulation of plant responses to stress (Zhang and Sonnewald 2017). Using their extensive defense networks, plants produce high concentrations of some secondary metabolites including tannins, kinins, terpenoids, phenols, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to cope with adverse environmental conditions (Isah 2019;Sharma et al 2021). The biosynthesis of antimicrobial molecules such as phytoanticipins and phytoalexins (secondary metabolites), proteins associated with pathogenesis, and antimicrobial peptides is stimulated in response to biological stresses resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and death of plant cells (De Vos et al 2005; Karpun et al 2015).…”

Plant Antimicrobial Peptides (PAMPs): Features, Applications, Production, Expression, and Challenges

“…These secondary metabolites are produced in a response in the plant to ward off insects, bacteria, and fungi. Secondary metabolites have numerous effects (antibiotic, antifungal, and antiviral) against pathogens and possess UV-absorbing compounds to prevent serious leaf damage from light [2]. However, the knowledge that microbes have a reduced tendency to develop resistance toward antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has made them more popular for use [3].…”