Modulation of salt-induced stress impact in Gladiolus grandiflorus L. by exogenous application of salicylic acid

Abstract

Salinity is challenging threats to the agricultural system and leading cause of crop loss. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important endogenous signal molecule, which by regulating growth and physiological processes improves the plant ability to tolerate salt stress. Considering the prime importance of Gladiolus grandiflorus (L.) in the world’s cut-flower market, the research work was undertaken to elucidate salinity tolerance in G. grandiflorus by exogenous application of SA irrigated with saline water. Results revealed that increasing salinity (EC: 2, 4 and 6 dS m–1) considerably altered morpho-growth indices (corm morphology and plant biomass) in plants through increasing key antioxidants including proline content and enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase), while negatively affected the total phenolic along with activity of defense-related enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and polyphenol oxidase activity). SA application (50–200 ppm) in non-saline control or saline conditions improved morpho-physiological traits in concentration-dependent manners. In saline conditions, SA minimized salt-stress by enhancing chlorophyll content, accumulating organic osmolytes (glycine betaine and proline content), total phenolic, and boosting activity of antioxidant and defense-related enzymes. Principle component analysis based on all 16 morphological and physiological variables generated useful information regarding the classification of salt tolerant treatment according to their response to SA. These results suggest SA (100 or 150 ppm) could be used as an effective, economic, easily available and safe phenolic agent against salinity stress in G. grandiflorus.

Pivotal Role of Phytohormones and Their Responsive Genes in Plant Growth and Their Signaling and Transduction Pathway under Salt Stress in Cotton

“…Gibberellins, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, brassinosteriods, ethylene, and humic acid are among the major types of phyto-hormones that are frequently studied in cotton plants [10]. They are directly involved in various physiological and biochemical processes in cotton plants [11][12][13] and, consequently, regulate the growth and development of cotton plants and the yield and quality of cotton fibers [14,15]. In recent years, cotton research has developed rapidly and has led to new discoveries in the hormones involved in cotton growth and development under salt stress.…”

Melatonin induces proline, secondary metabolites, sugars and antioxidants activity to regulate oxidative stress and ROS scavenging in salt stressed sword lily

“…It is regarded as a profitable crop for marginal- and small-scale farmers [ 5 ]. Sword lily contributes significantly to floriculture; however, salt-resistant sword lily is rare [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Role of foliar spray of plant growth regulators in improving photosynthetic pigments and metabolites in Plantago ovata (Psyllium) under salt stress–A field appraisal

“…Salicylic acid (SA) is a common plant-produced phenolic compound that can function as a PGR, although there are various reports of positive physiological and biochemical functions of SA in plants under stress conditions (Sabagh et al, 2021;Shaukat et al, 2022). Exogenous application of SA increases the Chl contents and enhances the accumulation of glycine betaine, PRO, and total phenolic contents, which boosts the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the growth of Gladiolus grandiflorus (Ferdosi et al, 2021). Moringa leaf extract (MLE) is a vital PGR, acknowledged among the scientific community because it is a rich source of vitamins, growth hormones, mineral nutrients, and antioxidants (Aslam et al, 2020.…”