Modulation of selenium tissue distribution and selenoprotein expression in Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>L.) fed diets with graded levels of plant ingredients

Betancor, Mónica B.; Dam, Thi M. C.; Walton, John N.; Morken, Thea; Campbell, Patrick; Tocher, Douglas R.

doi:10.1017/s0007114516000416

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…Despite increased total fish consumption in Bangladesh in the past two decades, mostly through increased consumption of farmed fish, iron and calcium intake from fish have decreased, whilst no significant changes in intakes of zinc, vitamin A and vitamin B 12 have occurred, possibly reflecting lower overall nutritional quality of farmed fish [ 40 ]. Indeed, selenium levels in farmed salmon raised on increased levels of terrestrial-based diets have been shown to decrease by 50% [ 41 ]. In our study, we found no effect of salmon consumption on plasma concentrations of selenium, zinc or magnesium, which is perhaps expected considering the relatively low contribution of the salmon intervention to the RDA for these micronutrients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nutritional and cardiovascular health benefits of rapeseed oil-fed farmed salmon in humans are not decreased compared with those of traditionally farmed salmon: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2020

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Purpose Farmed fish are increasingly raised on feeds containing vegetable oils, which affects their composition and possibly health properties. We investigated the effects of consuming farmed salmon, raised on different feeding regimes, on nutrient status and health outcomes in healthy subjects. Methods Salmon were grown on feeds containing mainly fish oil (FO) or rapeseed oil (RO), resulting in an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content of fillets of 2.1 or 0.9 g/100 g, respectively. In a randomized parallel controlled trial, 51 healthy subjects were allocated to consume 2 portions/week of FO salmon (n = 17), RO salmon (n = 17) or no additional salmon (Control, n = 17) as part of their habitual diet, for 18 weeks. We collected blood at 0, 9 and 18 weeks to measure omega-3 index (O3I) in red blood cells, plasma markers of cardiovascular risk, serum 25(OH)-vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and plasma trace elements. Results After 18 weeks, O3I was similarly increased in subjects consuming 2 portions/week of FO or RO salmon compared to control (both p < 0.05). Serum 25(OH)D3 was significantly higher, whereas plasma triacylglycerols were significantly lower in subjects consuming RO salmon compared to control (both p < 0.05). Heart rate was significantly lower in subjects consuming FO salmon after 9 weeks, compared to control (p < 0.01). Salmon consumption did not affect other markers. Conclusion Consuming two portions/week of salmon raised on rapeseed oil rather than fish oil increased the O3I and vitamin D status, and decreased plasma triacylglycerols. These outcomes endorse opportunities for developing more sustainable feeds within aquaculture food systems. Clinical trial registry This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01916434.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nutritional and cardiovascular health benefits of rapeseed oil-fed farmed salmon in humans are not decreased compared with those of traditionally farmed salmon: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2020

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“…On the other hand, fish, especially those which are marine-derived, are a good source of highly bioavailable dietary Se. However, Se levels can be up to 50 % lower in salmon fillets from fish fed vegetable oil and plant protein compared with fish oil and fish meal, corresponding to a reduction from 43 % to 21 % of the reference nutrient intake for Se for a 130 g portion ( 37 ) . Thus, although the reduced Se levels in the terrestrial-based diet satisfied the essential requirement for Se in the salmon, the shift in fish feed composition leads to a significant reduction in the supply of this essential micronutrient to the human diet.…”

Section: Effects Of Fish Production Regimes On Levels Of Long-chain Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential impact of compositional changes in farmed fish on its health-giving properties: is it time to reconsider current dietary recommendations?

Roos

Sneddon

Sprague

et al. 2017

Public Health Nutr.

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27Assessment of national dietary guidelines in a number of European countries reveals 28 that some are based on cohort studies, focusing on total seafood consumption, while 29 others are based on the content of EPA and DHA, distinguishing between oily and 30 other fish. The mean actual intake of fish in most countries is around or below the 31 recommended intake, with differences in intake of fish being present between sex and 32 age groups. Many people do not reach the national recommendation for total fish 33 intake. Dietary recommendations for fish and EPA/DHA are based mainly on data 34 collected more than 10 years ago. However, methods of farmed fish production have 35 changed considerably since then. The actual content of EPA and DHA in farmed 36 salmon has nearly halved as the traditional finite marine ingredients fish meal and 37 fish oil in salmon diets have been replaced with sustainable alternatives of terrestrial 38 origin. As farmed salmon is an important source of EPA and DHA in many Western 39 countries, our intake of these fatty acids is likely to have decreased. In addition, 40 levels of vitamin D and Se are also found to have declined in farmed fish in the past 41 decade. Significant changes in the EPA and DHA, vitamin D and Se content of 42 farmed fish means that average intakes of these nutrients in Western populations are 43 probably lower than before. This may have consequences for the health-giving 44properties of fish as well as future dietary recommendations for fish intake. 45 3 Fish supply and trends in fish production 46 Fish and fishery products play an important role in the provision of dietary needs 47 for long-chain PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA), protein, vitamins and minerals (1) . Fish are a 48 critical food source for many local communities in Africa and Asia where capture 49 fisheries and aquaculture may provide people with between 50% and 60% of their 50 average per capita intake of animal protein (2) . In the past five decades, the total supply 51 of fish for food consumption has increased at an annual rate of 3·2%, while the world 52 population has increased by 1·6% per annum in the same period. The relative 53 increase in supply of fish for consumption is mostly due to population growth, rising 54 incomes, urbanisation and a strong expansion of global production and 55 distribution of fish products (3) . A recent International Model for Policy Analysis of 56Agricultural commodities and Trade (IMPACT) model projected that fish production 57 is expected to grow by nearly 24% between 2010 and 2030, and the world population 58 is projected to grow at just over 20% during the same period, ensuring that increased 59 fish consumption can be managed (4) . However, the increase in production cannot only 60 be delivered by wild capture fisheries. Indeed, the proportion of assessed marine fish 61 stocks fished within biologically sustainable levels declined from 90% in 1974 to 62 71% in 2011, with 29% of fish stocks being overfished (3) . Aquaculture has the 63 potential...

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“…Because of a rapid growth in aquaculture and limited access to marine resources, fish oil and fish meal in feeds for carnivorous marine species such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have increasingly been replaced with plant ingredients over the past decades (43). Selenium (Se) is one of the essential minerals that there are higher levels of in fish meal than in plant feed ingredients (4). A decline of Se in Norwegian-produced commercial salmon feed during the last decade has been attributed to the decreased inclusion of fish meal (38).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A decline of Se in Norwegian-produced commercial salmon feed during the last decade has been attributed to the decreased inclusion of fish meal (38). Se concentration in Atlantic salmon flesh was lower when fed on plant protein replacement feeds compared with marine protein feeds (4). Se is a well-known essential trace element (41) that is active as part of functional selenoproteins (24) involved in physiological processes such as antioxidant defense (glutathione peroxidases) (41) and thyroid homeostasis (deiodinases) (35).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Feed-to-Fillet Transfer of Selenite and Selenomethionine Additives to Plant-Based Feeds to Farmed Atlantic Salmon Fillet

Berntssen

Lundebye

Amund

et al. 2019

Journal of Food Protection

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This study investigated the transfer kinetics of dietary selenite and selenomethionine (SeMet) to the fillet of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The uptake and elimination rate constants of the two selenium (Se) forms were determined in Atlantic salmon fed either selenite- or SeMet-supplemented diets followed by a depuration period. The fillet half-life of selenite and SeMet was 779 ± 188 and 339 ± 103 days, respectively. The elimination and uptake rates were used in a simple one-compartmental kinetic model to predict levels in fillet based on long-term (whole production cycle) feeding with given dietary Se levels. Model predictions for Atlantic salmon fed plant-based feeds low in natural Se and supplemented with either 0.2 mg of selenite or SeMet kg−1 gave a predicted fillet level of 0.042 and 0.058 mg Se kg−1 wet weight, respectively. Based on these predictions and the European Food Safety Authority risk assessment of Se feed supplementation for food-producing terrestrial farm animals, the supplementation with 0.2 mg of selenite kg−1 would likely be safe for the most sensitive group of consumers (toddlers). However, supplementing feed to farm animals, including salmon, with 0.2 mg of SeMet kg−1 would give a higher (114%) Se intake than the safe upper intake limit for toddlers.

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Modulation of selenium tissue distribution and selenoprotein expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) fed diets with graded levels of plant ingredients

Cited by 27 publications

References 71 publications

The nutritional and cardiovascular health benefits of rapeseed oil-fed farmed salmon in humans are not decreased compared with those of traditionally farmed salmon: a randomized controlled trial

The nutritional and cardiovascular health benefits of rapeseed oil-fed farmed salmon in humans are not decreased compared with those of traditionally farmed salmon: a randomized controlled trial

The potential impact of compositional changes in farmed fish on its health-giving properties: is it time to reconsider current dietary recommendations?

Feed-to-Fillet Transfer of Selenite and Selenomethionine Additives to Plant-Based Feeds to Farmed Atlantic Salmon Fillet

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