Modulation of the chain-breaking antioxidant activity of phenolic organochalcogens with various co-antioxidants at various pH values

Abstract

The phenolic organochalcogen chain-breaking antioxidants i.e. 6-bromo-8 (hexadecyltellanyl)-3,3-dimethyl-1,5-dihydro-[1,3]dioxepino[5,6-c]pyridin-9-ol and 2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]selenophene-5-ol have been investigated in the two-phase (chlorobenzene/water) lipid peroxidation model system as potent inhibitors of lipid peroxyl radicals at various...

Infuse herbal oils: a comparative study of wheat germ and tomato seed oils

“…α-TOH present in wheat germ oils constitute the most important part of the antioxidant capacities. Also, the antioxidant properties of the tomato seed oil are well known because of LYC (Barnes, 1982;Eller et al, 2010;Kumar et al 2023). Furthermore, cold pressed oils may contain higher level of lipophilic phytochemicals including important natural components and biologically active compounds.…”

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

“…For example, α-tocopherol (vitamin E) is a chain-breaking antioxidant appearing in low-density lipoprotein and human blood plasma contributing to the decrease of oxidative stress. Its mechanism of action relies on the ability to transfer the phenolic H atom to a peroxyl radical (ROO • ) much more rapidly than the propagation reactions [50][51][52][53]. Despite the promising application of chain-breaking antioxidants for scavenging ROS, most chainbreaking antioxidants have unsaturated bonds and strong antioxidant activity, which is greatly affected by pH variations, heat, light, and the amount of metal and oxygen.…”

Introduction of Methyl Group in Substituted Isoselenazolones: Catalytic and Mechanistic Study

“…Small organoselenium compounds have attracted growing attention due to their eccentric biological activities, indispensable applications in organic synthesis, biocompatibility, and high efficacy. , Owing to their biological relevance, organoselenium compounds play an increasingly important role in medicinal chemistry . Organoselenium compounds have been studied for years and showed promising activities for the decomposition of peroxides, as radical chain-breaking antioxidants, and as pharmacological and toxicological agents . Thus, interest in the development of organoselenium compounds has become heightened and the incorporation of C–Se and Se–N bonds into organic molecules is often a rewarding strategy due to the low bond energies, which make the molecules rapidly redox cycle.…”

“… The fascinating reactivity of ebselen is due to the facile cleavage of Se–N bond and ability to interact with endogenous thiols for the generation of selenol intermediate. Thus, the redox property of Se–N bond is responsible for restoring the imbalance of cellular reactive oxygen species in biological systems. − Due to its immunomodulatory effects, ebselen is currently under phase III clinical trials for cerebral ischemia, bipolar disorder, and noise-induced hearing loss …”

“…The Se–N heterocyclic benzisoselenazolones create a wide group of derivatives with proven bioactivities . The work in recent times has been more devoted toward organoselenium compounds with intriguing biological activities. − Built upon this basis, a number of procedures for the formation of C–Se and Se–N bonds were achieved such as the well-known annulation reaction of a multistep 2-(chloroseleno)­benzoyl chloride with an appropriate primary amine as prepared from anthranilic acid by sequential diazotization, selenation, and chlorination . Other conventional strategies are the ortho -lithation benzanilide route, copper-catalyzed synthesis of Se–N heterocycles with halo-substituted ortho -benzamides in the presence of a base, and nickel-catalyzed dehydrogenative direct selenation of C­(sp 2 )–H bonds with elemental selenium in air .…”