Modulation of the Diurnal Cycle of Rainfall Associated with the MJO Observed by a Dense Hourly Rain Gauge Network at Sarawak, Borneo

Kanamori, Hitoshi; Yasunari, Tetsuzo; Kuraji, Koichiro

doi:10.1175/jcli-d-12-00158.1

Cited by 44 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…At any time, rainfall values from no more than 8% of total rain gauges are missing, and in total such events accounts for less than 1.5% of total study period. The detailed information on these rain gauges and their data quality check procedure are provided in Kanamori et al [] and also in Wong et al [] and Tan et al []. In addition, the Asian Precipitation‐Highly‐Resolved Observational Data Integration Toward Evaluation (APHRODITE) gridded rainfall data set, which is available at 0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution over monsoonal Asia [ Yatagai et al ., ], is also evaluated to examine its suitability over the MC region as Tan et al [] comparisons of the APHRODITE product with ground observations over Sarawak were limited to few points to pixels only.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On subdaily scale comparison, they found that all the five products exhibit a similar diurnal rainfall maximum in late afternoon but with varying amplitude differences. However, over the Sarawak region of Malaysia, Kanamori et al [] found no significant difference in the amplitude of diurnal cycle of rainfall between the observation and the TRMM 3B42V6 products, albeit with a delayed peak time of maximum rainfall in 3B42V6. In addition, they found that TRMM 3B42V6 generally tends to underestimate rainfall over interior areas of Sarawak, whereas it overestimates rainfall along the coast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uncertainties in TRMM‐Era multisatellite‐based tropical rainfall estimates over the Maritime Continent

Rauniyar

Protat

Kanamori

2017

Earth and Space Science

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This study investigates the regional and seasonal rainfall rate retrieval uncertainties within nine state‐of‐the‐art satellite‐based rainfall products over the Maritime Continent (MC) region. The results show consistently larger differences in mean daily rainfall among products over land, especially over mountains and along coasts, compared to over ocean, by about 20% for low to medium rain rates and 5% for heavy rain rates. However, rainfall differences among the products do not exhibit any seasonal dependency over both surface types (land and ocean) of the MC region. The differences between products largely depends on the rain rate itself, with a factor 2 difference for light rain and 30% for intermediate and high rain rates over ocean. The rain‐rate products dominated by microwave measurements showed less spread among themselves over ocean compared to the products dominated by infrared measurements. Conversely, over land, the rain gauge‐adjusted post–real‐time products dominated by microwave measurements produced the largest spreads, due to the usage of different gauge analyses for the bias corrections. Intercomparisons of rainfall characteristics of these products revealed large discrepancies in detecting the frequency and intensity of rainfall. These satellite products are finally evaluated at subdaily, daily, monthly, intraseasonal, and seasonal temporal scales against high‐quality gridded rainfall observations in the Sarawak (Malaysia) region for the 4 year period 2000–2003. No single satellite‐based rainfall product clearly outperforms the other products at all temporal scales. General guidelines are provided for selecting a product that could be best suited for a particular application and/or temporal resolution.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainties in TRMM‐Era multisatellite‐based tropical rainfall estimates over the Maritime Continent

Rauniyar

Protat

Kanamori

2017

Earth and Space Science

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“…Important relationships between the MJO and precipitation variability have also been found over South America (e.g., Nogués-Paegle et al, 2000;Carvalho et al, 2002;Carvalho et al, 2004;Liebmann et al, 2004;Souza and Ambrizzi, 2006;Muza et al, 2009), Africa (Pohl and Camberlin, 2006), Mexico (Mo and Higgins, 1998a), United States (e.g., Mo and Higgins, 1998b;Jones, 2000;Jones and Carvalho, 2012;Zhou et al, 2012), Canada (Lin et al, 2010), Australia (Wheeler et al, 2009), Indonesia (e.g. Kanamori et al, 2013;Peatman et al, 2014), and China (e.g., Zhang et al, 2009;Jia et al, 2011). The MJO also affects monsoon systems (e.g., Hartmann and Michelsen, 1989;Hendon and Liebmann, 1990;Jones and Carvalho, 2002;Matthews, 2004;Pai et al, 2009).…”

Section: Problem Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Impacts of the Madden‐Julian oscillation on intraseasonal precipitation over Northeast Brazil

Valadão

Carvalho

Lúcio

et al. 2016

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The impacts of the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) on precipitation over Northeast Brazil (NEB, also known as Nordeste) are evaluated based on daily raingauge data from 492 stations over 30‐year period (1981–2010). Composites of precipitation, outgoing longwave radiation and moisture‐flux anomalies are performed for each phase of the MJO, and over all four seasons, based on the Jones–Carvalho MJO index. To distinguish the MJO signal from other patterns of climate variability, daily data are filtered using a 20–90 day band‐pass filter; only days classified as MJO events are considered in the composites. The results show strong seasonality of the MJO's impact on precipitation. The most spatially coherent signals of precipitation anomalies occur in the austral summer, when about 80% of the raingauge stations showed increased precipitation in phases 1–2 and suppressed precipitation in phases 5–6 of the oscillation. Although the MJO impacts precipitation on intraseasonal timescales in all seasons in most locations, these impacts vary in magnitude and depend on the phase of the oscillation. Precipitation anomalies over NEB are explained by the interaction of convectively coupled Kelvin‐Rossby waves with the dominant climatic features in each season. During the austral summer and spring, westerly regimes increase precipitation over most NEB. In the austral winter and fall, precipitation anomalies exhibit more complex spatial variability. In these seasons, precipitation anomalies in coastal areas depend on the strength of the South Atlantic anticyclone, which is largely modulated by Rossby waves. The strengthening of the anticyclone intensifies the convergence of the trade winds in coastal areas and precipitation windward of the coastal range. Conversely, the intensification of the subsidence is responsible for precipitation deficits in the lee side of the range. These conditions are typically observed when easterly regimes dominate over tropical South America and NEB decreasing moisture flow from the Amazon.

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“…Around midnight, the rainfall moves from the land to the surrounding water, reaching a peak in the early morning before dissipating around noon. This phenomenon has been frequently documented for the Maritime Continent region, via surface observations (Houze et al, ; Johnson & Priegnitz, ; Kamimera et al, ; Kanamori et al, ), satellite observations (Ichikawa & Yasunari, ; Keenan & Carbone, ; Kikuchi & Wang, ; Nesbitt & Zipser, ; Williams & Houze, ; Yamamoto et al, ; Yang & Slingo, ), and numerical simulations (Love et al, ; Sato et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Response of the Diurnal Cycle of Summer Rainfall to Large‐Scale Circulation and Coastal Upwelling at Hainan, South China

et al. 2019

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The modulation of coastal rainfall at Hainan by large‐scale circulation and coastal upwelling is studied using observations and numerical modeling. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission data show that the monthly mean rainfall off southern Hainan was considerably higher in August 2010 than in August 2011. The main cause of this difference is an intensification of offshore rainfall from midnight to early morning. Compared with the multiyear (2000–2017) average field, reanalysis data show that there is an apparent increase in atmospheric humidity in August 2010. During this time, a moderate El Niño was decaying and a new La Niña event was developing, so a significant adjustment of the large‐scale circulation was observed in the western Pacific. The resulting anomalous onshore wind depresses the development of upwelling, leading to a relatively warm sea surface temperature off the south coast of Hainan, which in turn enhances the land‐sea thermal contrast and land breeze at night. Decreases in upwelling intensity and asymmetric intensification of nocturnal and daytime offshore rainfall are confirmed not only in the summer of 2010 but also in the summer of 2003. Numerical simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model verify that the enhanced land breeze ultimately leads to pronounced coastal rainfall off southern Hainan at night. The results indicate that localized surface convergence associated with the sea and land breezes may be more important than the atmospheric humidity and convective instability in modulating the diurnal cycle of rainfall for tropical islands.

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Modulation of the Diurnal Cycle of Rainfall Associated with the MJO Observed by a Dense Hourly Rain Gauge Network at Sarawak, Borneo

Cited by 44 publications

References 41 publications

Uncertainties in TRMM‐Era multisatellite‐based tropical rainfall estimates over the Maritime Continent

Uncertainties in TRMM‐Era multisatellite‐based tropical rainfall estimates over the Maritime Continent

Impacts of the Madden‐Julian oscillation on intraseasonal precipitation over Northeast Brazil

Response of the Diurnal Cycle of Summer Rainfall to Large‐Scale Circulation and Coastal Upwelling at Hainan, South China

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