Modulation of the intestinal barrier adaptive functions in red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) invading brackish waters

Ding, Li; Li, Weihao; Liang, Lingyue; Huang, Zubin; Li, Na; Zhang, Jiliang; Shi, Haitao; Storey, Kenneth B.; Hong, Mingsheng

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141744

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Studies of sea turtle immune function have been focused on the protection and conservation of turtle wildlife from threats such as FP, parasites, or environmental contaminants [42,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]73,75,76,[88][89][90][91][92]. Functional studies of the turtle immune system have been carried out on red-eared slider turtles Trachemys scripta (Thunberg, 1792)) [19][20][21][22][23], Caspian turtle or striped-neck terrapin (Mauremys capsica (Gmelin, 1774)) [27][28][29][30][31] and Chinese softshelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis (Wiegmann, 1853)) [14,87,87,93].…”

Section: Chelydra Serpentinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma lysozyme levels can act as an innate immune response biomarker and can help indicate the general state of health of a turtle [113]. Lysozyme activity in turtles decreases upon exposure to plastic pollution [35], heavy metals [36], fluctuating temperature [87], brevotoxins [22,37,53,134], and organochlorine contaminants [135]. Conversely, P. sinensis lysozyme activity is enhanced by increased dietary protein intake [136], linking good nutrition to immunity.…”

Section: Innate Immune Effectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, immunosuppression is a marker of late-stage disease [88,210]. In FP-afflicted turtles, both T and B cell proliferation in response to mitogens was reduced in turtles with moderate and severe FP [49,50,53,88]. In early-stage tumors, there is a measurable immune response, an increase of CD3+ lymphocytes, and upregulation of key immune pathways (leukocyte and lymphocyte pathways).…”

Section: Cell-mediated Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunity in Sea Turtles: Review of a Host-Pathogen Arms Race Millions of Years in the Running

Nash

Ryan

2023

Animals

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The immune system of sea turtles is not completely understood. Sea turtles (as reptiles) bridge a unique evolutionary gap, being ectothermic vertebrates like fish and amphibians and amniotes like birds and mammals. Turtles are ectotherms; thus, their immune system is influenced by environmental conditions like temperature and season. We aim to review the turtle immune system and note what studies have investigated sea turtles and the effect of the environment on the immune response. Turtles rely heavily on the nonspecific innate response rather than the specific adaptive response. Turtles’ innate immune effectors include antimicrobial peptides, complement, and nonspecific leukocytes. The antiviral defense is understudied in terms of the diversity of pathogen receptors and interferon function. Turtles also mount adaptive responses to pathogens. Lymphoid structures responsible for lymphocyte activation and maturation are either missing in reptiles or function is affected by season. Turtles are a marker of health for their marine environment, and their immune system is commonly dysregulated because of disease or contaminants. Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumorous disease that afflicts sea turtles and is thought to be caused by a virus and an environmental factor. We aim, by exploring the current understanding of the immune system in turtles, to aid the investigation of environmental factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease and provide options for immunotherapy.

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Section: Chelydra Serpentinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Innate Immune Effectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell-mediated Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunity in Sea Turtles: Review of a Host-Pathogen Arms Race Millions of Years in the Running

Nash

Ryan

2023

Animals

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“…A method was used based on the method described by Ding et al [23]. Briefly, the fixed livers were dehydrated using gradient ethanol and then transparentized in xylene and embedded in paraffin wax.…”

Section: Histological Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Butyl Paraben on Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Mauremys sinensis

Yin,

Xie,

Sun

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Butyl paraben (BuP) has been widely used as a preservative in the cosmetics, food, and medicine industries. Recently, it has become a new pollutant and has attracted much attention. In order to evaluate the toxic effect of BuP on aquatic animals, Chinese striped-neck turtles (Mauremys sinensis) were exposed to BuP solutions with different concentrations of 0, 5, 50, 500, and 5000 µg/L for 20 weeks. The results showed that with an increase in BuP concentration, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GSH-PX) in liver decreased. The expression of key genes in the Nrf2-Keap1 signal pathways first increased and then decreased, while the expression of the HSP70 and HSP90 genes increased. In addition, the liver had an inflammatory reaction. The expression of the BAFF and IL-6 genes increased and then decreased with an increase in BuP concentration, while the expression of P50 and P65 increased significantly. Oxidative stress induced apoptosis, and the expression of pro-apoptosis genes (BAX, cytc, Caspase3 and Caspase9) increased, while the expression of the anti-apoptosis gene Bcl2 decreased. The results provide an important reference for the comprehensive ecological and health risk assessment of environmental BuP.

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“…This method has been widely applied in recent years to investigate the microbial community of fish (Xiao et al, 2018;Zheng et al, 2019). Previous studies on the turtles concerning gut microbiota have mainly been performed on sea turtles (Ahasan et al, 2018;Price et al, 2017;Shamim et al, 2017), some tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus and Stigmochelys pardalis) (Gaillard, 2014;Modica, 2016), and little freshwater turtles (Graptemys pseudogeographica, Trachemys scripta elegans and Chrysemys picta) (Butterfield, 2019;Fugate et al, 2019;Peng et al, 2020;Ding et al, 2020). However, the development of gut microbiota in turtles is well poorly investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in gut histomorphology and microbiota in Chinese strip‐necked turtle hatchlings

Hong

Liang

et al. 2021

Aquaculture Research

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The development of the digestive system in the hatchling, especially in the critical stage of first feeding, is of great importance for rearing techniques of turtles. In the present study, the developments of intestinal histomorphology and microbiota during the first 30 days (0, 10, 20 and 30 days after hatched) of Chinese strip‐necked turtle (Mauremys sinensis) were investigated. The results showed that the height and width of intestinal villus and total length of intestine progressed with turtle's growth. The diversity of intestinal microbiota (Shannon and Simpson index) was no significant difference between first 30 days, but the richness indexes (Chao and Ace) significantly increased at 20 days after hatched. The phylum Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated the turtle gut microbiota. The abundances of family Weeksellaceae, Aeromonadaceae, Cytophagaceae and Lachnospiraceae increased, whereas the family Ruminococcaceae decreased at 10 days after the first feeding. With turtle growing, the abundances of Bacteroidaceae and Methylobacteriaceae increased, which dominated at 30 days (28.49% and 22.08%, respectively). The order of Clostridiales and genus of Clostridium dominated in all the tested turtle samples in spite of the low abundance of environment including vermiculite, water and feed. Therefore, the members of Clostridium would be potential probiotic for turtles although future investigations should determine their roles in the turtle gut microbiota.

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Modulation of the intestinal barrier adaptive functions in red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) invading brackish waters

Cited by 15 publications

References 53 publications

Immunity in Sea Turtles: Review of a Host-Pathogen Arms Race Millions of Years in the Running

Immunity in Sea Turtles: Review of a Host-Pathogen Arms Race Millions of Years in the Running

Effect of Butyl Paraben on Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Mauremys sinensis

Change in gut histomorphology and microbiota in Chinese strip‐necked turtle hatchlings

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