Modulation of the Intestinal Microbiota and Immune System of Farmed Sparus aurata by the Administration of the Yeast Debaryomyces hansenii L2 in Conjunction with Inulin

doi:10.4172/2155-9546.s1-012

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The associated commensal microbiota of the mucosal immune system makes an important contribution to the immunity and metabolism of host fish, as the gut microbiota plays a major role in the development and maturation of the GALT (70, 71). For example, in both rainbow trout (70) and gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) (72), administration of beneficial microorganisms (probiotics) enhances both the intestinal microbiota and the immune response.…”

Section: Physiological Roles Of Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Energy Homeostasis in Fish

2019

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The microorganisms within the intestinal tract (termed gut microbiota) have been shown to interact with the gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication system between the gut and the brain mediated by hormonal, immune, and neural signals. Through these interactions, the microbiota might affect behaviors, including feeding behavior, digestive/absorptive processes (e.g., by modulating intestinal motility and the intestinal barrier), metabolism, as well as the immune response, with repercussions on the energy homeostasis and health of the host. To date, research in this field has mostly focused on mammals. Studies on non-mammalian models such as fish may provide novel insights into the specific mechanisms involved in the microbiota-brain-gut axis. This review describes our current knowledge on the possible effects of microbiota on feeding, digestive processes, growth, and energy homeostasis in fish, with emphasis on the influence of brain and gut hormones, environmental factors, and inter-specific differences.

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Section: Physiological Roles Of Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Energy Homeostasis in Fish

2019

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“…Findings like these suggest that host-microbiota interactions can be used in aquaculture for selective microbial manipulation aiming to promote beneficial symbiosis [21]. Despite the fact that S. aurata is a high value farmed fish species for many European countries, research on its standard gut microbiota has been focused in adult individuals [22,23,24,25] and also in the evaluation of how it is affected by consuming formulated diets containing alternative ingredients [26,27,28,29,30,31,32]. On the other hand, only a few studies exist about the microbial colonization in healthy populations of S. aurata larvae during early life based both on cultured methods [33,34] and next generation sequencing [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Associated Bacterial Succession during the Early Embryonic Stages and First Feeding in Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)

Nikouli

Meziti

Antonopoulou

et al. 2019

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One of the most widely reared fish in the Mediterranean Sea is Sparus aurata. The succession of S. aurata whole-body microbiota in fertilized eggs, five, 15, 21 and 71 days post hatch (dph) larvae and the contribution of the rearing water and the provided feed (rotifers, Artemia sp. and commercial diet) to the host’s microbiota was investigated by 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene diversity. In total, 1917 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found in all samples. On average, between 93 ± 2.1 and 366 ± 9.2 bacterial OTUs per sample were found, with most of them belonging to Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Ten OTUs were shared between all S. aurata stages and were also detected in the rearing water or diet. The highest OTU richness occurred at the egg stage and the lowest at the yolk sac stage (5 dph). The rearing water and diet microbial communities contributed in S. aurata microbiota without overlaps in their microbial composition and structure. The commercial diet showed higher contribution to the S. aurata microbiota than the rearing water. After stage D71 the observed microbiota showed similarities with that of adult S. aurata as indicated by the increased number of OTUs associated with γ-Proteobacteria and Firmicutes.

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“…For example, resident microbiota stimulates intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in the developing zebrafish intestine, while absence of microbiota prevents differentiation of the GI tract (37, 38). Dietary administration of probiotics to the gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) enhanced the intestinal microbiota and increased expression of various immune genes in the intestine including MHCII and TNF-α, while administration of probiotics to the Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) and rainbow trout promoted greater development of the intestine, as measured by villous height, and increased the population of intestinal granulocytes (39–41). Lymphoid aggregates, as well as macrophages and granular cells, have been found in the spiral valve of various shark and ray species (42, 43).…”

Section: Physical Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems in Cartilaginous Fish, Ray-Finned Fish, and Lobe-Finned Fish

2019

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The immune system is composed of two subsystems—the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. The innate immune system is the first to respond to pathogens and does not retain memory of previous responses. Innate immune responses are evolutionarily older than adaptive responses and elements of innate immunity can be found in all multicellular organisms. If a pathogen persists, the adaptive immune system will engage the pathogen with specificity and memory. Several components of the adaptive system including immunoglobulins (Igs), T cell receptors (TCR), and major histocompatibility complex (MHC), are assumed to have arisen in the first jawed vertebrates—the Gnathostomata. This review will discuss and compare components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems in Gnathostomes, particularly in Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) and in Osteichthyes [bony fish: the Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) and the Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish)]. While many elements of both the innate and adaptive immune systems are conserved within these species and with higher level vertebrates, some elements have marked differences. Components of the innate immune system covered here include physical barriers, such as the skin and gastrointestinal tract, cellular components, such as pattern recognition receptors and immune cells including macrophages and neutrophils, and humoral components, such as the complement system. Components of the adaptive system covered include the fundamental cells and molecules of adaptive immunity: B lymphocytes (B cells), T lymphocytes (T cells), immunoglobulins (Igs), and major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Comparative studies in fish such as those discussed here are essential for developing a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the immune system.

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Modulation of the Intestinal Microbiota and Immune System of Farmed Sparus aurata by the Administration of the Yeast Debaryomyces hansenii L2 in Conjunction with Inulin

Cited by 20 publications

References 74 publications

Gut Microbiota and Energy Homeostasis in Fish

Gut Microbiota and Energy Homeostasis in Fish

Host-Associated Bacterial Succession during the Early Embryonic Stages and First Feeding in Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)

A Comparison of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems in Cartilaginous Fish, Ray-Finned Fish, and Lobe-Finned Fish

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