Modulation of the Northern Winter Stratospheric El Niño–Southern Oscillation Teleconnection by the PDO

Rao, Jian; Garfinkel, Chaim I.

doi:10.1175/jcli-d-19-0087.1

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Consistent with previous studies, during El Niño winters, the planetary wave activities were found to be enhanced in the middle latitudes and to have a stronger E‐P flux divergence in the Northern Hemisphere, resulting in a stronger BDC. The stratospheric upwelling associated with this strengthened BDC cools the lower stratosphere (Holton et al, ; García‐Herrera et al, ; Randel et al, ; Rao J and Ren RC et al, ). This cooling in the lower stratosphere induced by the BDC is present in composite temperature anomalies during El Niño winter seasons (Figure a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal evolution of the effects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation on lower stratospheric water vapor: Delayed effects in late winter and early spring

Liao¹,

Chen²,

Zhou³

2019

Earth and Planetary Physics

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Water vapor in the stratosphere makes a significant contribution to global climate change by altering the radiative energy budget of the Earth's climate system. Although many previous studies have shown that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has significant effects on the water vapor content of the stratosphere in terms of the annual or seasonal mean, a comprehensive analysis of the seasonal evolution of these effects is still required. Using reanalysis data and satellite observations, we carried out a composite analysis of the seasonal evolution of stratospheric water vapor during El Niño/La Niña peaks in winter and decays in spring. The ENSO has a distinct hysteresis effect on water vapor in the tropical lower stratosphere. The El Niño/La Niña events moisten/dry out the tropical lower stratosphere in both winter and spring, whereas this wetting/dehydration effect is more significant in spring. This pattern is due to a warmer temperature in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during the El Niño spring phase, which causes more water vapor to enter the stratosphere, and vice versa for La Niña. This delayed warming/cooling in the lower stratosphere during the El Niño/La Niña decay in spring leads to the seasonal evolution of ENSO effects on water vapor in the lower stratosphere.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal evolution of the effects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation on lower stratospheric water vapor: Delayed effects in late winter and early spring

Liao¹,

Chen²,

Zhou³

2019

Earth and Planetary Physics

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“…Another important factor that can impact the ENSO teleconnection to the North Atlantic is decadal variability such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) (Rao et al, 2019) and the Atlantic Mutidecadal Oscillation (AMO) (Zhang et al, 2018).…”

Section: The Tropospheric Link Between the North Pacific And The Nortmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ENSO-stratospheric teleconnection has weakened in recent decades (Hu et al, 2017;Domeisen et al, 2019), which the PDO variability alone cannot explain (Rao et al, 2019), but circulation anomalies over Eastern Europe have likely contributed 420 . The present study characterizes the North Atlantic response to ENSO and its linearity during these periods when the stratospheric pathway is inactive.…”

Section: The Tropospheric Link Between the North Pacific And The Nortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinearity in the Tropospheric Pathway of ENSO to the North Atlantic

Jiménez‐Esteve¹,

Domeisen²

2020

Preprint

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> El Ni&#241;o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can exert a remote impact on North Atlantic and European (NAE) winter climate. This teleconnection is driven by the superposition and interaction of different influences, which are generally grouped into two main pathways, namely the tropospheric and stratospheric pathways. In this study, we focus on the tropospheric pathway through the North Pacific and across the North American continent. Due to the possible non-stationary behavior and the limited time period covered by reanalysis data sets, the potential nonlinearity of this pathway remains unclear. In order to address this question, we use a simplified physics atmospheric model forced with seasonally varying prescribed sea surface temperatures (SST) following the evolution of different ENSO phases with linearly varying strength at a fixed location. To isolate the tropospheric pathway the zonal mean stratospheric winds are nudged towards the model climatology. The model experiments indicate that the tropospheric pathway of ENSO to the North Atlantic exhibits significant nonlinearity with respect to the tropical SST forcing, both in the location and amplitude of the impacts. For example, strong El Ni&#241;o leads to a significantly stronger impact over the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) than a La Ni&#241;a forcing of the same amplitude. For La Ni&#241;a forcings, there is a saturation in the response, with no further increase in the NAO impact even when doubling the SSTforcing, while this is not the case for El Ni&#241;o. These findings may have important consequences for long-range predictions of the North Atlantic and Europe.</p>

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“…Previous studies have shown that the variability of the concentration of ozone in the upper stratosphere is dominated by chemical processes, but the concentration of ozone in the lower stratosphere is mainly related to dynamic processes (Allen et al, ; Solomon et al, ). It has been shown that SSTAs over the North Pacific affect the stratospheric Arctic vortex during the boreal winter via dynamic processes (Hu & Guan, ; Hurwitz et al, ; Rao et al, ; Woo et al, ). We therefore need to investigate the dynamic mechanisms affecting the concentration of ozone in the lower stratosphere in response to SSTAs over the North Pacific.…”

Section: Possible Dynamic Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between SSTs over the North Pacific and the Arctic vortex in the stratosphere has been investigated in recent years (e.g., Hu et al, ; Hu & Guan, ; Hurwitz et al, ; Jadin et al, ; Kren et al, ; Rao et al, ; Woo et al, ). Hurwitz et al () showed that the strengthened Arctic vortex in the stratosphere in March 2011 was closely related to warming SSTs in the North Pacific.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connections Between Stratospheric Ozone Concentrations Over the Arctic and Sea Surface Temperatures in the North Pacific

Liu

Zhang

2020

JGR Atmospheres

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We examined the relationship between sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the North Pacific and the concentration of stratospheric ozone in the northern hemisphere in February–March from 1980 to 2017 using reanalysis and satellite datasets. Our results show that the concentration of stratospheric ozone can be modulated by the principle mode of the North Pacific SSTs—that is, there are negative and zonally asymmetrical ozone anomalies in the Arctic stratosphere, but positive ozone anomalies in the lower stratosphere at mid‐latitudes during the positive phases of the North Pacific SSTs. The North Pacific SST anomalies account for about 20% of the linear variance of ozone concentrations in the lower stratosphere over the Arctic. Negative SST anomalies in the central North Pacific tend to result in a strengthened Western‐Pacific like teleconnection, which favors the propagation of more planetary wavenumber‐1 and ‐2 waves into the stratosphere. The North Pacific SSTs‐related upwelling branch of the Brewer–Dobson circulation in the mid‐latitude stratosphere strengthens, but its downwelling branch in the Arctic stratosphere weakens. This results in decreased ozone anomalies in the lower stratosphere over the Arctic and increased ozone anomalies in the lower stratosphere at mid‐latitudes. The zonally asymmetrical distribution of ozone related to the positive phase of SSTs over the North Pacific may be related to the shifting and strengthening of the stratospheric Arctic vortex.

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Modulation of the Northern Winter Stratospheric El Niño–Southern Oscillation Teleconnection by the PDO

Cited by 33 publications

References 122 publications

Seasonal evolution of the effects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation on lower stratospheric water vapor: Delayed effects in late winter and early spring

Seasonal evolution of the effects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation on lower stratospheric water vapor: Delayed effects in late winter and early spring

Nonlinearity in the Tropospheric Pathway of ENSO to the North Atlantic

Connections Between Stratospheric Ozone Concentrations Over the Arctic and Sea Surface Temperatures in the North Pacific

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