Modulation of vagal activity may help reduce neurodevelopmental damage in the offspring of mothers with pre-eclampsia

Abstract

Maternal Immune Activation (MIA) has been linked to the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring, such as cognitive deficits, behavioral abnormalities, and mental disorders. Pre-eclampsia is associated with an activation of the immune system characterized by persistently elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as a decrease in immunoregulatory factors. The Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway (CAP) may play a relevant role in regulating the maternal inflammatory response during pre-eclampsia and protecting the developing fetus from inflammation-induced damage. Dysregulation in the CAP has been associated with the clinical evolution of pre-eclampsia. Some studies suggest that therapeutic stimulation of this pathway may improve maternal and fetal outcomes in preclinical models of pre-eclampsia. Modulation of vagal activity influences the CAP, improving maternal hemodynamics, limiting the inflammatory response, and promoting the growth of new neurons, which enhances synaptic plasticity and improves fetal neurodevelopment. Therefore, we postulate that modulation of vagal activity may improve maternal and fetal outcomes in pre-eclampsia by targeting underlying immune dysregulation and promoting better fetal neurodevelopment. In this perspective, we explore the clinical and experimental evidence of electrical, pharmacological, physical, and biological stimulation mechanisms capable of inducing therapeutical CAP, which may be applied in pre-eclampsia to improve the mother’s and offspring’s quality of life.

Almost 50 Years of Monomeric Extracellular Ubiquitin (eUb)

“…An interesting use for monomeric eUb has been proposed by Abarca-Castro et al [ 104 ]. They suggested that monomeric Ub could be used as a therapeutic to limit the harmful effects on the neurodevelopment of offspring due to the inflammatory response caused in pregnant mothers by pre-eclampsia.…”

Almost 50 Years of Monomeric Extracellular Ubiquitin (eUb)

“…al. [100]. They suggested that monomeric Ub could be used as a therapeutic to limit the harmful effects on the neurodevelopment of offspring due to the inflammatory response caused in pregnant mothers by preeclampsia.…”