Modulatory effect of antibiotics on cytokine production by human monocytes in vitro

Abstract

Some antimicrobial agents have been reported to modify the host immune and inflammatory responses both in vivo and in vitro. Fosfomycin (FOM) and clarithromycin (CAM) have immunomodulatory activity on human lymphocyte function. In the present study, we examined the effects of FOM and CAM on cytokine synthesis by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human monocytes in comparison with that of dexamethasone in vitro.The three drugs demonstrated positive or negative effects on the synthesis of various cytokines by LPS-primed monocytes. They suppressed the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1␣ (IL-1␣), IL-1␤, the IL-1 receptor antagonist, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in a concentration-dependent manner at concentrations between 1.6 and 40 g/ml. On the contrary, the drugs showed different actions on the synthesis of IL-6 and IL-10. Namely, FOM enhanced both IL-6 and IL-10 synthesis, CAM enhanced only IL-10 synthesis, but dexamethasone deeply suppressed the synthesis of both cytokines. These data indicate that antibacterial agents may modify acute-phase inflammatory responses through their effects on cytokine synthesis by monocytes.

Composite Nano‐Titanium Oxide–Chitosan Artificial Skin Exhibits Strong Wound‐Healing Effect—An Approach with Anti‐Inflammatory and Bactericidal Kinetics

“…When infected, in vivo macrophages are activated, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines are secreted from monocytes and other secretory cells; thus, an immunological homeostatic state can be maintained. [18,19] TNF-a and IL-1 are pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can trigger the overexpression of macrophages and monocytes to secret cytokines. [20] IL-6, IL-1 receptor antagonist IL-1ra, and IL-10 belong to the anti-inflammatory cytokines.…”

Differential effects of fosfomycin and corticosteroid on the molar ratio of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist/interleukin-1β in the culture supernatants of mononuclear phagocytes from patients with sarcoidosis

“…13 In several recent studies, FOM was also shown to exert immunomodulatory effects on various immune cells by suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. [14][15][16][17] It still remains to be evaluated whether FOM affects the immune cells associated with any diseases.…”

In-vitro anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of grepafloxacin in zymogen A- or Staphylococcus aureus-stimulated human THP-1 monocytes

“…[2][3][4] These soluble factors can initiate the innate immune phagocytic response and maintain the acute phase of the inflammation by the concurrent release of higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, NO, free radicals, and lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes. 2 Inflammation states, tissue destruction, and systemic spread of the infection are established by these cellular processes through these chemical mediators, hydrolytic enzymes, and lipoxygenation.…”

“…2,3 Tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and IL-8, are biologically active peptides produced by phagocytic macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), eosinophils, and monocytes induced by the pathogen organisms, endotoxin, and other stimuli. [2][3][4] These soluble factors can initiate the innate immune phagocytic response and maintain the acute phase of the inflammation by the concurrent release of higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, NO, free radicals, and lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes. 2 Inflammation states, tissue destruction, and systemic spread of the infection are established by these cellular processes through these chemical mediators, hydrolytic enzymes, and lipoxygenation.…”