Modulatory Effects of Arctostaphylos uva-urs Extract In Ovo Injected into Broiler Embryos Contaminated by Aflatoxin B1

Abstract

In ovo injection of nutrients can modulate the embryo’s physiological responses against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) embryotoxicity. This hypothesis was tested using in ovo injection of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Ar. uu.) methanolic extract. The total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total antioxidant capacity, and GC-MS analysis were all assessed in the Ar. uu. methanolic extract. A total of 180 ten-day-old embryonated eggs were distributed into six groups of 30 replicates each. The first group was used as a control (non-injected), and the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth groups were injected with 10 µ double-distilled water (DDW), 500 µL methanol, 0.01 g Ar. uu./500 µL methanol, 50 ng AFB1/10 µL DDW, and 50 ng AFB1 in 10 µ DDW + 0.01 g Ar. uu./500 µL methanol, respectively. The relative embryo weight, residual yolk sac weight, tibia length and weight, and survival were recorded. Total and differential leukocytes, oxidative stress, and humoral immune responses were observed. The residual yolk sac was lower (p < 0.05) in the Ar. uu. group than other groups. The embryonic growth (tibia weight and length) was enhanced in AFB1 + Ar. uu.-injected embryos compared with those injected with AFB1 alone. In conclusion, in ovo injection of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi could modulate AFB1-induced toxicity in chicken embryos.

Improvement in growth performance and digestive function from amniotic injections of N‐acetylglutamate in broiler chickens

“…Intestine, muscle, liver, and other organs of late‐term embryos develop fast, 8 and the consumption of energy, amino acids and other nutrients for the growth of the embryo is huge 21 . The technique of delivering various substances via the in ovo route is attracting wide attention among researchers worldwide, 21 and the broiler embryo can benefit from useful materials to alleviate the toxicity of Aflatoxin B 1 23,24 . The nutrients in the egg are an important factor that limits the viability and growth of chicken embryos, 22 and any improvement in nutrient insufficiency during the late‐hatching stage may promote embryonic survival and growth markedly 25,26 .…”

“…21 The technique of delivering various substances via the in ovo route is attracting wide attention among researchers worldwide, 21 and the broiler embryo can benefit from useful materials to alleviate the toxicity of Aflatoxin B 1 . 23,24 The nutrients in the egg are an important factor that limits the viability and growth of chicken embryos, 22 and any improvement in nutrient insufficiency during the late-hatching stage may promote embryonic survival and growth markedly. 25,26 High hatchability provides a high economic returns for hatchery, 27 and birds with greater birth weight would have higher BW at the end of commercial production.…”

Physiological effects of in ovo delivery of bioactive substances in broiler chickens

“…Studies have evaluated the effects of bioactive substances against mycotoxicosis during embryonic development. The supplementation of 0.01 g of Arctostaphylos uv-aurs extract (containing phenols and flavonoids) in the amnion on e10 reduced the negative effects of aflatoxin B1 on tibia length and weight ( 36 ). Methionine supplementation at 5.90 mg reduced hepatic cell apoptosis caused by aflatoxin B1 toxicity in chicken embryos.…”

In Ovo Feeding Techniques of Green Nanoparticles of Silver and Probiotics: Evaluation of Performance, Physiological, and Microbiological Responses of Hatched One-Day-Old Broiler Chicks

“…Eggs bearing live embryos were randomly reallocated to experimental groups (50 eggs in each; five repetitions) with approximately comparable average egg weights (62.3 ± 21 g). After 408 h (17 days) of embryogenesis and based on previous reports [15,16], a total of 250 eggs with a live fetus were randomly assigned to one of five experimental groups. The first group acted as a control (no injection), while the second served as the vehicle control (injected with sterilized Saline Solution (0.2 mL per egg)), and the 3rd, 4th, and the 5th groups were injected with Nano-Ag at 0.2 mL per egg, probiotics (Bifidobacterium angulotum + Bifidobacterium animalis + Bifidobacterium bifidum) at 0.2 mL per egg, and a combination of Nano-Agat 0.2 mL and probiotics at 0.2 mL per egg, respectively.…”