Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

Yarandi, Shadi S.; Peterson, Daniel A.; Treisman, G.J.; Moran, Timothy H.; Pasricha, Pankaj J.

doi:10.5056/jnm15146

Cited by 228 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 151 publications

(171 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

134

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…146 The hypothetical basis for this theory is that the gut bacteria may be responsible for chemicals which are over activating parts of the brain, 147 leading to a-synuclein damage and its deposition which ultimately causes neurodegeneration in the brain resulting in PD. 148 It is important, therefore, to have a forward step to define the specific gut microbes that may contribute to the development of PD, as this could translate into novel biomarkers to identify at-risk patients at a very early stage in the disease progression.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Dysfunction as Reliable Non-invasive Early Diagnostic Biomarkers in the Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review

Nair

Ramachandran

Joghee

et al. 2018

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent investigations suggest that gut microbiota affects the brain activity through the microbiota-gut-brain axis under both physiological and pathological disease conditions like Parkinson’s disease. Further dopamine synthesis in the brain is induced by dopamine producing enzymes that are controlled by gut microbiota via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Also alpha synuclein deposition and the associated neurodegeneration in the enteric nervous system that increase intestinal permeability, oxidative stress, and local inflammation, accounts for constipation in Parkinson’s disease patients. The trigger that causes blood brain barrier leakage, immune cell activation and inflammation, and ultimately neuroinflammation in the central nervous system is believed to be due to the chronic low-grade inflammation in the gut. The non-motor symptoms that appear years before motor symptoms could be reliable early biomarkers, if they could be correlated with the established and reliable neuroimaging techniques or behavioral indices. The future directions should therefore, focus on the exploration of newer investigational techniques to identify these reliable early biomarkers and define the specific gut microbes that contribute to the development of Parkinson’s disease. This ultimately should pave the way to safer and novel therapeutic approaches that avoid the complications of the drugs delivered today to the brain of Parkinson’s disease patients.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Dysfunction as Reliable Non-invasive Early Diagnostic Biomarkers in the Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review

Nair

Ramachandran

Joghee

et al. 2018

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, increased permeability of the gut can also increase the translocation of metabolic products or neuroactive substances produced by the bacteria and cause altered activity centrally. For a detailed review of this process, see Yarandi et al (2016). There is evidence from rodent studies to indicate that stress alters the gut barrier function allowing lipopolysaccharide and other molecules to gain access to the bloodstream stimulating TLR4 and other TLRs resulting in the production of inflammatory cytokines (Kelly et al, 2015).…”

Section: Microbiota Immunity and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbes, Immunity, and Behavior: Psychoneuroimmunology Meets the Microbiome

Dinan

Cryan

2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

201

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is now a large volume of evidence to support the view that the immune system is a key communication pathway between the gut and brain, which plays an important role in stress-related psychopathologies and thus provides a potentially fruitful target for psychotropic intervention. The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem with a diverse range of organisms and a sophisticated genomic structure. Bacteria within the gut are estimated to weigh in excess of 1 kg in the adult human and the microbes within not only produce antimicrobial peptides, short chain fatty acids, and vitamins, but also most of the common neurotransmitters found in the human brain. That the microbial content of the gut plays a key role in immune development is now beyond doubt. Early disruption of the host-microbe interplay can have lifelong consequences, not just in terms of intestinal function but in distal organs including the brain. It is clear that the immune system and nervous system are in continuous communication in order to maintain a state of homeostasis. Significant gaps in knowledge remain about the effect of the gut microbiota in coordinating the immune-nervous systems dialogue. However, studies using germ-free animals, infective models, prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics have increased our understanding of the interplay. Early life stress can have a lifelong impact on the microbial content of the intestine and permanently alter immune functioning. That early life stress can also impact adult psychopathology has long been appreciated in psychiatry. The challenge now is to fully decipher the molecular mechanisms that link the gut microbiota, immune, and central nervous systems in a network of communication that impacts behavior patterns and psychopathology, to eventually translate these findings to the human situation both in health and disease. Even at this juncture, there is evidence to pinpoint key sites of communication where gut microbial interventions either with drugs or diet or perhaps fecal microbiota transplantation may positively impact mental health.

show abstract

“…Moreover, it is becoming increasingly recognized that the presence of a healthy and diverse gut microbiota is important for the normal cognitive and emotional processing. 64 Therefore, it is conceivable that the well-accepted gut-brain axis concept is now extended to the new phenomenon of microbiota-gut-brain axis. 53,65 There are multiple mechanisms involved in the pathogenetic role of CNS in gastric mucosal injury and intestinal inflammatory diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain–Gut Relationship on Mucosal Inflammation in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Gyires¹,

Fehér²

2017

Therapeutic Targets for Inflammation and Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Central nervous system (CNS) communicates with the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through the so-called brain-gut axis and has impact on GI physiology and pathophysiology. Brain-gut axis is a bidirectional communication network, and through this axis the information from the gut to the brain may modify brain function and behavior. Several convincing data suggest that mental diseases as well as stress may play a central role in the development of gastric and activation of intestinal mucosal lesions and inflammation (e.g. inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs)). On the other hand, human and animal studies suggest that inflammatory processes in the GI system, particularly in the gut may trigger central changes. These may lead to altered brain function and comorbidity of psychological/psychiatric disorders. It has been recognized that changes in microbiome composition can be manifested in alterations of cognitive and emotional functions. This has significantly contributed to the establishment of a new concept from the well-accepted gut-brain axis to the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The present chapter aims to give an overview on the mechanisms potentially involved in the brain-gut and gut-brain axis as well as the microbiota-gut-brain pathway in mammals.

show abstract

Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

Cited by 228 publications

References 151 publications

Gut Microbiota Dysfunction as Reliable Non-invasive Early Diagnostic Biomarkers in the Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review

Gut Microbiota Dysfunction as Reliable Non-invasive Early Diagnostic Biomarkers in the Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review

Microbes, Immunity, and Behavior: Psychoneuroimmunology Meets the Microbiome

Brain–Gut Relationship on Mucosal Inflammation in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About