Modulatory Efficiency of Echinacea purpurea Extract on Hyperthyroidism Modeled Rats

Abstract

Thyroid hormones are crucial for growth, metabolism, thermoregulation, and development (Lazar, 1993; Mo Kim et al.,2012). Thyroid and pituitary gland tumors, however, cause thyroid cells to generate extra hormones under several pathological situations, such as Graves' disease, which leads to a hyperthyroid state (Gulcelik et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2012). Changes in these hormone levels cause a variety of health issues in addition to changed basal metabolic rate, more specifically, hyperthyroidism (Kim et al., 2012).

Immuno-antioxidative reno-modulatory effectiveness of Echinacea purpurea extract against bifenthrin-induced renal poisoning

“…Transaminase activities can be increased as well because of aggressive catabolism of amino acids to meet the immediate requirement for energy during pyrethroid stress 49 . Because E. purpurea extract comprises antioxidant ingredients such as phenolic and flavonoids components that are capable of suppressing lipid peroxidation, stabilizing cell membranes, preventing membrane lipids oxidation, and restoring cellular integrity, an improvement in the was noticed in the activity of these transaminases as previously explained 15 . Similarly, the reduced level of DNA damage by EEE may be attributed to its antioxidant activity that was monitored from a recent in vitro study, as EEE performed higher reducing power ability and radical scavenging activity 3 .…”

“…The plant extracts provide antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, and antioxidative activities; moreover, they are utilized for treating the common cold, in addition to urinary illnesses 14 . Cichoric acid, echinacoside, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, cynarine, sitosterol, polyacetylene, alkylamides, alkaloids, glycosides, and carbohydrates (active ingredients of E. purpurea ) are all strong antioxidants that can successfully eliminate free radicals as well as decrease the nitric oxide free radical generation 15 . Also, the plant includes prevalent ingredients including lipoproteins, polysaccharides, caffeic acid derivatives, and alkylamides; however, these active phytochemicals differ based on how old the plant is, section of the plant, growing circumstances, geographical region, and extraction process.…”

Echinacea purpurea extract intervention for counteracting neurochemical and behavioral changes induced by bifenthrin

“…Also, the extracts from Echinacea purpurea leaves shown potent pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral (Hudson 2012 ), immunomodulatory (Hudson 2012 ; Manayi et al 2015 ), anti-inflammatory (Borchers et al 2000 ), and antioxidant effects (Chen et al 2015 ; Aarland et al 2017 ). Echinacea Purpurea preparations are also used to improve hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (Mao et al 2021 ), and regulate hyperthyroid hormones (EL-Sahra et al 2022 ). Similarly, Echinacea purpurea ethanolic extract (EchEE) was found to increase sperm motility, protect sperm morphology, and improve mitochondrial membrane potential (Mao et al 2021 ).…”