Module-assembly of injectable cellular DNA hydrogel via clickable cells and DNA scaffolds

Preparation and Properties of Self-Assembling Polypeptide Hydrogels and Their Application in Biomedicine

“…Compared with covalent bonds, the hydrogen bonding force formed by strong electronegativity atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine with hydrogen atoms is weak, but the synergistic interaction can enhance the strength of hydrogen bonds and improve the formation of hydrogel. , For example, in the work of Li a supramolecular polypeptide-DNA hydrogel was developed by cross-linking of complementary hydrogen bonds . The hydrogel consists of two parts: peptide-DNA conjugate and complementary double-stranded DNA.…”

RNA-Polymer Hybrids via Direct and Site-Selective Acylation with the ATRP Initiator and Photoinduced Polymerization

“…22,23 However, coupling handles (e.g., alkyne, thiol, norbornene, amine, and so forth) must be incorporated into the nucleic acid through the solid-phase synthesis or the use of an enzyme, which limits the scope of the substrate and, thus, hinders practical and versatile application. 24,25 Therefore, for the successful modification of RNA with polymers, we desired an approach that would be capable of both (i) direct and (ii) covalent modification of RNA, to circumvent the problems related to current synthetic methods. We also sought a universal approach that would expand the scope of RNA substrates from short synthetic oligonucleotides to longer RNA transcripts or biomass RNA (bmRNA) extracted from natural sources.…”

“…For example, the noncovalent approaches may be applied to a broad range of RNA substrates regardless of the length, source, or structure of the RNA substrate for coupling. However, the weak and non-covalent interaction between nucleic acids and polymers often raises concerns about the stability of the complex as well as difficulties in control over the number- and binding site of polymers. − In contrast, due to the specificity of the coupling chemistries, covalent modification methods allow for chemically stable and precise incorporation of pre-synthesized polymers, acrylate groups, or polymerization-initiating moieties into the predetermined sites in nucleic acids. , However, coupling handles (e.g., alkyne, thiol, norbornene, amine, and so forth) must be incorporated into the nucleic acid through the solid-phase synthesis or the use of an enzyme, which limits the scope of the substrate and, thus, hinders practical and versatile application. , Therefore, for the successful modification of RNA with polymers, we desired an approach that would be capable of both (i) direct and (ii) covalent modification of RNA, to circumvent the problems related to current synthetic methods. We also sought a universal approach that would expand the scope of RNA substrates from short synthetic oligonucleotides to longer RNA transcripts or biomass RNA (bmRNA) extracted from natural sources. , …”

Peptide hydrogels: Synthesis, properties, and applications in food science

“…Hydrogels made from the polymerization of natural or synthetic materials have a loose and porous three‐dimensional microstructure and extremely high‐water content under physiological conditions (Ullah et al., 2015; Zhu et al., 2019). The formation substrates of hydrogels are very extensive, simply listed as DNA (Pan et al., 2022; Nam et al., 2023), polysaccharides (M. Wu et al., 2022; Q. Yang et al., 2022), peptides (K. Li et al., 2022; M. Yang et al., 2023; Y. Zhang et al., 2022), proteins (Bian et al., 2022; Gomes et al., 2019), acrylic acid (Fekete et al., 2017; Kinney et al., 2022), and their derivatives, as well as inorganic nanoparticles (S. Wang et al., 2019), graphite (Hao et al., 2018), and so forth. To overcome the interference of the environment in practical applications, researchers tend to select intelligent hydrogels with special response properties.…”

“…Hydrogels made from the polymerization of natural or synthetic materials have a loose and porous three-dimensional microstructure and extremely high-water content under physiological conditions (Ullah et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2019). The formation substrates of hydrogels are very extensive, simply listed as DNA (Pan et al, 2022;Nam et al, 2023), polysaccharides (M. Wu Shuang Yu and Yueying Huang contributed equally to this study. Q.…”