“…Generally, multi-metal compounds can be divided into multi-metal oxides, sulfides, and hydroxides. Multi-metal oxides, such as NiCo 2 O 4 [ 121 , 122 , 123 ], ZnCo 2 O 4 [ 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 ], MnMoO 4 [ 128 , 129 , 130 ], and CoMoO 4 [ 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 ], have been widely explored for energy conversion and storage. Among these multi-metal oxides, the NiCo 2 O 4 nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention due to their merits of higher electrical conductivity, and higher electrochemical activity, which would offer richer redox reactions, including contributions from both Ni 2+ /Ni 3+ and Co 3+ /Co 4+ redox couples in the materials [ 121 , 122 , 123 ].…”