“…Depending on composition, SSEs can be categorized into three primary systems: inorganic, polymeric, and composite SSEs. − Inorganic SSEs have undergone extensive research owing to their intrinsic nonflammability and high shear modulus, which mainly include sulfide-type (LPSX, X = Cl, Br, I), garnet-type (LLZO), , sodium superionic conductor (NASICON)-type (LAGP), − perovskite-type (LLTO), , and lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON). , Among all of the various SSEs, the garnet-type SSE Li 6.4 La 3 Zr 1.4 Ta 0.6 O 12 (LLZTO) is particularly notable due to its impressive ionic conductivity of approximately 1 mS cm –1 at room temperature, remarkable stability with a lithium metal anode, and wide electrochemical window. − However, garnet-type SSEs present a couple of challenges demanding resolution. First, garnet-type SSEs have a susceptibility to reacting with H 2 O and CO 2 , which results in the formation of Li 2 CO 3 and diminishes the wettability of garnet-type SSEs and the Li anode interface .…”