MOG antibody disease: A review of MOG antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Narayan, Ram; Simpson, Alexandra; Fritsche, Katelyn; Salama, Sara; Pardo, Santiago; Mealy, Maureen A.; Paul, Friedemann; Lévy, Michaël

doi:10.1016/j.msard.2018.07.025

Cited by 169 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Spinal cord MRI findings in the NEMOS cohort reported contrast enhancement in 19/28 (67%) patients [16]. Other reports also state a regular occurrence of gadolinium enhancement in both MOG-and aquaporin-4 positive LETM [26]. Interestingly, this is in contrast to our results (0/7 patients).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Altogether, longer observation periods show a drastically higher percentage of patients with at least one second attack. In a longer follow-up study of 43 months, only 29% of patients had a monophasic disease course and after 8 years, this patient group went down to only 7% [26]. This underlines that a severe clinical onset of MOG-EM should rather justify a prolonged treatment period with immunomodulatory drugs as the second clinical attack can occur only after an interval of several years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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MOG encephalomyelitis: distinct clinical, MRI and CSF features in patients with longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis as first clinical presentation

Loos

Pfeuffer²,

Pape

et al. 2020

J Neurol

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Background Based on clinical, immunological and histopathological evidence, MOG-IgG-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM) has emerged as a distinct disease entity different from multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4-antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). MOG-EM is associated with a broader clinical phenotype including optic neuritis, myelitis, brainstem lesions and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with a substantial clinical and radiological overlap to other demyelinating CNS disorders. Objective To evaluate common clinical, MRI and CSF findings, as well as therapy responses in patients with longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) as initial clinical presentation of MOG-EM. Methods After excluding patients with a known diagnosis of MS, we identified 153 patients with myelitis of which 7 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were investigated for MRI, CSF and clinical parameters. Results Patients with LETM as first clinical presentation of MOG-EM display similar characteristics, namely a lack of gadolinium-enhancement in spinal cord MRI, marked pleocytosis, negative oligoclonal bands, a previous history of infections/vaccinations and response to antibody-depleting treatments for acute attacks and long-term treatment. Conclusions We identify common pathological findings in patients with LETM as first clinical presentation of MOG-EM which distinguishes it from other forms of LETM and should lead to testing for MOG-IgG in these cases. Keywords Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies • Diagnosis • Myelitis • Longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) • Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) Abbreviations MOG-EM MOG-IgG-associated encephalomyelitis MS Multiple sclerosis NMOSD Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder LETM Longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis ADEM Acute disseminated encephalomyelitits ON Optic neuritis MRI Magnetic resonance imaging FLAIR Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery CSF Cerebrospinal fluid EDSS Expanded disability status scale VEP Visual evoked potential

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

MOG encephalomyelitis: distinct clinical, MRI and CSF features in patients with longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis as first clinical presentation

Loos

Pfeuffer²,

Pape

et al. 2020

J Neurol

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“…Compared to patients with AQP4‐IgG‐positive NMO, MOG‐IgG‐seropositive patients are more likely to be male Caucasian patients, with a trend towards a younger age at disease onset, who more frequently present with coincident optic neuritis and transverse myelitis, a monophasic disease course and a lower risk of visual and motor disability but who occasionally present with seizures and encephalitis‐like symptoms . However, patients with AQP4‐IgG‐seropositive NMO are more likely to suffer from a relapsing course (approximately 2–3 times, although a retrospective multicentre study reported that 80% of MOG‐IgG‐positive patients suffer from a multiphasic course) and have higher Expanded Disability Status Scale scores at the final follow‐up than MOG‐IgG‐seropositive patients for detailed reviews of MOG‐IgG‐related diseases see . The clinical characteristics of AQP4‐IgG‐seropositive and MOG‐IgG‐seropositive patients with clinical NMOSD are listed in Table .…”

Section: Aqp4‐igg‐seronegative Nmosdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Chang

2019

Neuropathology Appl Neurobio

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Review: Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorderNeuromyelitis optica is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system that preferentially targets the spinal cord and optic nerve. Following the discovery of circulating antibodies against the astrocytic aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channel protein, recent studies have expanded our knowledge of the unique complexities of the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica and its relationship with the immune response. This review describes and summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying neuromyelitis optica disease pathology and examines their potential as therapeutic targets. Additionally, we update the most recent research by proposing major unanswered questions regarding how peripheral AQP4 antibodies are produced and their entry into the central nervous system, the causes of AQP4-IgG-seronegative disease, why peripheral AQP4-expressing organs are spared from damage, and the impact of this disease on pregnancy.

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“…In patients with multiphasic ADEM, anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies can be evaluated to help differentiate from MS. Anti-MOG associated disorders can present as optic neuritis, monophasic ADEM or a neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). While some patients with anti-MOG associated disorders will respond to an initial course of steroids, some will require longer-term immunomodulation [49].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Advances in Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2020

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system leading to demyelination. MS in the pediatric population is rare, but has been shown to lead to significant disability over the duration of the disease. As we have learned more about pediatric MS, there has been a development of improved diagnostic criteria leading to earlier diagnosis, earlier initiation of disease-modifying therapies (DMT), and an increasing number of DMT used in the treatment of pediatric MS. Over time, treatment with DMT has trended towards the initiation of higher efficacy treatment at time of diagnosis to help prevent further disease progression and accrual of disability over time, and there is evidence in current literature that supports this change in treatment patterns. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge in diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes in pediatric MS.

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MOG antibody disease: A review of MOG antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Cited by 169 publications

References 74 publications

MOG encephalomyelitis: distinct clinical, MRI and CSF features in patients with longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis as first clinical presentation

MOG encephalomyelitis: distinct clinical, MRI and CSF features in patients with longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis as first clinical presentation

Review: Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Current Advances in Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis

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