Moiré–Ronchigram analysis applied in the characterization of aberration surfaces and optical surface parameters from 3D wavefronts

Bi-Ronchi-test proposal for wavefront sensing and aberration analysis based on the differential form of the Zernike polynomials

“…The RT has also suffered variations on its structure in order to be suitable for a wider range of applications, for example in the use of three Ronchigrams in the works by Lin et al [13], or modifying the RT frequencies following the prescription by Salinas et al [14] and in the work by Yokozeki et al [15]. Besides, in their results, Moire patterns are shown [4,16,17], observing a Bi-Ronchi pattern without using square rulings. Such an interesting feature was reported in several works, being developed by Cordero et al [18], superposing RRs with periods in x and y (perpendicular fringes to the RR with a period in x) to form a bi-Ronchi ruling (bRR) with a period in xy (initially with a low frequency).…”

“…There is a wide variety of techniques for determining the wavefront of surfaces and optical elements, namely, interferometric, diffractive, differential models, geometrical, etc [1][2][3][4].…”

“…The relevance of this test lies in its simplicity and low-cost given by the required elements for its application, i.e. a dark transparent band ruling (Ronchi ruling (RR)) and a luminous source (usually a LED) [4]. The RT is widely-used as a geometrical and interferometric test [1,7,8], to estimate the aberrations of an optical system, as well as in the study of aspherical surfaces [3,9,10].…”