Moisture and Mineral Content of Human Feces-High Fecal Moisture Is Associated with Increased Sodium and Decreased Potassium Content-

Nishimuta, Mamoru; Inoue, Nozomi; Kodama, Naoko; Morikuni, Eiko; Yoshioka, Yayoi; Matsuzaki, Nobue; Shimada, Mieko; Sato, Nanae; Iwamoto, Tamami; Ohki, Kohji; Takeyama, Hidemaro; Nishimuta, Hironobu

doi:10.3177/jnsv.52.121

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Fecal P content has been shown to rapidly increase when optimum tibia ash content is reached (Waldroup et al, 2000). A negative correlation between Na and K was reported in humans with diarrhea (fecal moisture above 80%) (Nishimuta et al, 2006), with lower K levels when Na increased, resulting in a greater fecal moisture content. Additionally, in laying hens, P increased excreta moisture especially at high dietary Na levels (Smith et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Dietary mineral levels and ratios between minerals play an important role in excreta moisture content (Ziaei et al, 2008;Jankowski et al, 2011). Inconsistent effects of trace minerals on excreta moisture have, however, been reported by Nishimuta et al (2006) and Zhong et al (2007). A high dietary protein content (Collett, 2012) or insoluble fibers in the diet, which can have a high water binding capacity in the GIT (Chaplin, 2003), can increase the water content of droppings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Moisture content in broiler excreta is influenced by excreta nutrient contents1

Hoeven-Hangoor

Paton

Linde

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High litter moisture content, often referred to as wet litter, is a major problem in poultry production. Wet litter is often related to poor management, diseases, and digestive problems. In this experiment, the objective was to study the relationship between nutrient content and the moisture content of the excreta of broilers. A dataset containing 351 observations was built and contained the nutrient contents data including moisture content of excreta samples collected in 8 different broiler feeding trials. A biological based model approach was used to create a model with 10 and another one with 14 variables that may explain the excreta moisture level response. Subsequently, these models were compared with a statistical model that was built automatically and adjusted only if this improved the biological model. The R 2 of the 10 variable model was 0.54, in which Zn content and the interaction of NDF × K and Ca × P content were negatively associated with excreta moisture. Sodium, P, and Ca content and the interaction between content of NDF × Na were positively associated with excreta moisture. The R 2 of the 14 variable model was 0.58, in which Zn and K content and the interaction of NDF × protein and Ca × P content were negatively associated with excreta moisture, and Na, protein, P, and Ca content and the interactions in contents of NDF × Na, NDF × Zn, and K × Cu were positively associated with excreta moisture content. In conclusion, the models confirmed the effect of Na, protein, P, and Ca on excreta moisture content. Furthermore, hitherto unknown nutrient interactions that contribute to excreta moisture level were identified. As excreta levels of most nutrients can be manipulated by adjusting dietary nutrient levels, dietary formulation can be adjusted with the findings of this analysis to change levels of excreted nutrients and, consequently, also moisture output.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture content in broiler excreta is influenced by excreta nutrient contents1

Hoeven-Hangoor

Paton

Linde

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some of results in minerals and nitrogen were already reported (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). However, the relationship between EI and body weight change in female subjects was analyzed in this report for the first time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Equilibrium Energy Intake Estimated by Dietary Energy Intake and Body Weight Changes in Young Japanese Females

Miyamoto

Nishimuta

Hamaoka

et al. 2012

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

431Estimated energy requirement (EER) for the Japanese is defined as energy intake (EI) required to maintain body weight (1). However, EER is actually determined by measuring energy expenditure (EE). Although the units of EI and EE are the same (kcal), they are measured differently. EI is calculated based on the weight of food consumed and its energy content as it appears in the Food Composition Tables (2). EE is determined mainly by measurement of oxygen intake.There is no confirmation that EE and EI are the same, but the current guidelines for EI treat them as such (1). Thus, the present study sought to compare EE and EI to establish the relationship between the two.In adults, it should be possible to determine EER using EI if EI and body weight change are significantly correlated. Therefore, in a previous study (3), we tested this relationship using data from prior human metabolic balance studies in which male subjects consumed diets with known energy content and had their body weights recorded. Although the number of the subjects was small, the relationship between EI and body weight change was significant.In this analysis, we sought to confirm this relationship in a larger cohort of female subjects using data from human metabolic balance studies. SUBJECTS AND METHODSData for this analysis were obtained from 17 human metabolic balance studies (n5178) conducted by the National Institute of Health and Nutrition (Tokyo) between 1986 and 2007. Some of results in minerals and nitrogen were already reported (4-21). However, the relationship between EI and body weight change in female subjects was analyzed in this report for the first time. Three of these studies were omitted from the present analysis, two because they used male subjects, and one which did not collect skin-fold thickness data. Subjects in the remaining studies (14 experiments, n5149) were young females. In four and a half studies (n543), sweat was collected from the arm to estimate loss of minerals through sweating during exercise using a bicycle ergometer (intensity: 1.0-1.5 kp, velocity: 50-60 rpm, duration: 30-60 min/trial, once or twice per day, with room temperature 22-29˚C and humidity 40-65% RH) (4); these subjects were classified in the exercise group Summary To determine the energy intake (EI) required to maintain body weight (equilibrium energy intake: EEI), we investigated the relationship between calculated energy intake and body weight changes in female subjects participating in 14 human balance studies (n5149) conducted at the National Institute of Health and Nutrition (Tokyo). In four and a half studies (n543), sweat was collected from the arm to estimate loss of minerals through sweating during exercise on a bicycle ergometer; these subjects were classified in the exercise group (Ex G). In nine and a half experiments (n5106) subjects did not exercise, and were classified in the sedentary group (Sed G). The relationship between dietary energy intake (EI) and body weight (BW) changes (DBW) was analyzed and divided by four variables: b...

show abstract

“…That is, some unknown mechanisms must play essential roles in mineral metabolism by controlling intestinal absorption, renal excretion, and transportation to and from cell and bone across extra cellar space at the same time affecting plural minerals. In our previous studies, metabolism of Na and K (4,5,24), Ca, Mg, and P (2,8,25,26) and fecal minerals (27) affected each other.…”

Section: Determination Of Eedis Using Balance Data For Other Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Estimated Equilibrated Dietary Intakes for Nine Minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) Adjusted by Mineral Balance Medians in Young Japanese Females

Nishimuta

Kodama²,

Shimada

et al. 2012

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryThe present study sought to determine estimated equilibrated dietary intakes (EEDIs) for nine essential minerals: sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn), using data from 17 human mineral balance studies conducted from 1986 to 2007 (subjects ϭ 178). Among these studies, two used male subjects, two subjected some or all subjects to sodium restriction, and one study utilized a low protein diet; these subjects were not included in the present analysis. Consequently, data from 13 studies of young female subjects ( n ϭ 131) consuming a standard diet were selected. Balance distribution medians for six of the minerals (Na, K, Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu) were positive, so the data were adjusted to set the medians of the balances to zero. Medians for the other minerals (Ca, P and Mn) were close to zero and were not adjusted. Intake and balance for each mineral were divided by body weight (BW), lean body mass (LBM), and standard body weight (SBW), which was calculated using height and standard body mass index (BMI ϭ 22), and EEDIs were calculated as the intercept of a simple regression equation. When relationships between intake and balance of a mineral were not significant in the regression equation, a significant regression equation comparing intake and balance of another mineral was used to calculate the intercept. Significant simple regression equations were not obtained from any of the three parameters of Na or Zn, or for two of the parameters of P; thus, K, Fe and Ca balances were used to determine the intercepts for Na, Zn and P, respectively. EEDIs for the minerals were: Na (67.9, 89.0, 62.5), K (39.5, 53.5, 37.4), Ca (11.0, 14.4, 10.1), Mg (4.18, 5.51, 3.86), P (18.7, 24.6,17.3) (mg/ kg BW/d, mg/kg LBM/d, mg/kg SBW/d), Fe (180, 237, 165), Zn (168, 241, 166), Cu (30.9, 42.6, 29.7), Mn (55.1, 72.1, 50.7) ( g/kg BW/d, g/kg LBM/d, g/kg SBW/d), respectively. These values are nearly identical to the mean dietary intakes.

show abstract

Moisture and Mineral Content of Human Feces-High Fecal Moisture Is Associated with Increased Sodium and Decreased Potassium Content-

Cited by 29 publications

References 5 publications

Moisture content in broiler excreta is influenced by excreta nutrient contents1

Moisture content in broiler excreta is influenced by excreta nutrient contents1

Equilibrium Energy Intake Estimated by Dietary Energy Intake and Body Weight Changes in Young Japanese Females

Estimated Equilibrated Dietary Intakes for Nine Minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) Adjusted by Mineral Balance Medians in Young Japanese Females

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About