Moisture-dependent physical properties of kokum seed (Garcinia indica Choisy)

Sonawane, S. P.; Sharma, G. P.; Thakor, N. J.; Verma, R. C.

doi:10.17221/59/2011-rae

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…3. These findings, consistent with Sonawane et al [29], are essential for selecting materials for planter hoppers and seed plates, ensuring optimal seed interaction with planter components.…”

Section: Analysis Of Angle Of Repose and Coefficient Of Friction In B...supporting

confidence: 89%

Investigation of Engineering Properties of Black Gram and Horse Gram for the Design of Hopper and Seed Plate of a Pneumatic Planter

Kumar,

P R

2024

J. Exp. Agric. Int.

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Study presents an in-depth evaluation of the engineering properties of Black Gram (Vigna mungo) varieties VBN-6 and ADT-5, and Horse Gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) varieties KS-2 and Paiyur-2. This is carried out for the design of a pneumatic seed metering unit viz., seed plate and the hopper. Emphasizing the importance of physical and engineering properties, the investigation on moisture content, axial dimensions, gravimetric properties, and key engineering characteristics such as density, porosity and frictional properties provides critical data for optimizing the design and functionality of the pneumatic seed metering unit, including the seed plate and hopper. For black gram, metering plates with 2.1 mm cell diameter were found optimal, whereas horse gram varieties require 3.5 mm diameter with 26 cells. Hopper of 9100 cm3 capacity made of mild steel of 2 mm thickness was developed according to the seed bulk density and flow characteristics. These properties made the pneumatic metering mechanism compatible with pulse seeds and helped to mechanize the pulse sowing.

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Section: Analysis Of Angle Of Repose and Coefficient Of Friction In B...supporting

confidence: 89%

Investigation of Engineering Properties of Black Gram and Horse Gram for the Design of Hopper and Seed Plate of a Pneumatic Planter

Kumar,

P R

2024

J. Exp. Agric. Int.

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“…The surface area of the T. chebula fruit was calculated by applying the expression cited by Pradhan et al () and Sharma et al (). Toluene displacement method was used to determine the true volume of the T. chebula fruit (Garnayak, Pradhan, Naik, & Bhatnagar, ; Sonawane, Sharma, Thakor, Verma, & Mudgal, ).

italicSA = normalπ {D_{normalg}}^{2}

where SA is surface area (mm 2 ); D g is a geometric mean diameter (mm).

true volume = \frac{mass in air - mass in tolune}{density of tolune}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toluene displacement method was used to determine the true volume of the T. chebula fruit (Garnayak, Pradhan, Naik, & Bhatnagar, 2008;Sonawane, Sharma, Thakor, Verma, & Mudgal, 2014).…”

Section: Determination Of Dimensional Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical characterization and mass modeling of dried Terminalia chebula fruit

Pathak

Pradhan

Mishra

2019

J Food Process Engineering

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The research was inducted to investigate the physical properties and to determine the mass model for Terminalia chebula fruits depending on its dimensional attributes. The investigation revealed that principle dimensions of the whole fruit T. chebula viz. average longitudinal axis (length), intermediate axis (width), and transverse axis (thickness) were 31.076 mm, 17.404 mm, and 16.073 mm, respectively. The thousand fruit mass was found to be 3.890 kg while the fruit has a mass distribution over the range of 1.730–9.794 g. The dimensional properties such as arithmetic mean diameter, equivalent mean diameter, and geometric mean diameter were 21.518 mm, 20.553 mm, and 20.538 mm, respectively. The aspect ratio, sphericity, eccentricity, and fruit part fraction were calculated. The surface area and volume were noted to be 1,302.351 mm2 and 10,054.28 mm3, respectively. The frictional properties such as coefficient of friction and angle of friction were measured. Mass modeling was done by using four different models viz. linear, power, quadratic, and s‐curve relating to the mass and dimensional property of the fruit which will be applicable in machine vision for grading systems. The quadratic and linear models showed the best relations between the mass and dimensional parameters of the fruit. Practical applications The fruit of Terminalia chebula is a minor forest produce but has a wide application in the traditional medicines and food industries. The determination of the physiological properties such as dimensional, gravimetric, and frictional properties will help researchers, industrial process designers to design the process handling equipment, postharvest machinery, storage structures, grading, sorting equipment, etc., in the processing and manufacturing industries. The fruits can be separated on the basis of mass rather than its shape and size. The mass modeling of the fruit will be beneficial to segregate the fruits on industrial scale with minimal labor and more accuracy by using the relationship for mass of fruit with its physical properties.

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