Moisture-Induced Pattern of Gases and Physicochemical Indices in Corn Straw and Cow Manure Composting

Ghanney, Philip; Qiu, Huizhen; Anning, Dominic Kwadwo; Yang, Huizhen; Wang, Youling; Kugbe, Joseph Xorse

doi:10.3390/app11188493

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The decreasing trend of the moisture content of the piles with the addition of different microbial agents was not significantly different ( p > 0.05), but the moisture content of the buffalo manure bedding materials all reached a sufficiently dry level. In general, there is a tendency for the moisture content of the piles to decrease due to natural evaporation, but the addition of microbial agents allows the water in the bovine manure to be more fully utilized, resulting in an accelerated decrease in the moisture content of the piles ( Ghanney et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different microbial agents on bedding treatment of ectopic fermentation of buffalo manure

et al. 2022

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IntroductionThe rapid development of the farming industry has increased the amount of manure produced by livestock and poultry, causing increasingly prominent environmental pollution problems. In recent years, due to the increase in conventional bedding material costs, an increasing number of farmers choose to use harmless recycled manure as bedding. Manure bedding treatment of farms can not only solve the problem of manure pollution, but also resource utilization of manure and cost savings.MethodsThis study compared the effects of five microbial agents (Microbial agents A, B, C, E, F) on buffalo manure bedding treatment by testing the temperature, moisture content, pH, microbial bacteria distribution of buffalo manure ectopic fermentation, and screened the lowest cost and most effective agent. The changes of microbial bacteria distribution in different periods of bedding treatment were also detected.ResultsAgent A was eliminated because of poor fermentation effect and low fermentation temperature, which could not achieve the effect of harmless treatment. The other four agents of bacteria achieved a harmless effect, but the bedding treatment effect of agent F was significantly better than agent E, B, and C. In terms of the cost of agents: the cost of agent F required for fermenting 100m³ buffalo manure was the lowest, 1000yuan, followed by E (1200yuan), C (1750yuan), and B (1980yuan). In the process of ectopic fermentation bedding treatment of buffalo manure, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi were the major bacteria used. The process was divided into three periods; the heating period - high temperature period - cooling period, the high temperature period could reach more than 75°C, and a large number of pathogenic bacteria and harmful bacteria, and other miscellaneous bacteria in the pile were degraded, their species diversity was reduced, and the structure of bacterial flora had significant differences in different treatment periods. In conclusion, this study has provided a guide for the resource utilization of manure in cattle farms and the reduction of manure pollution to the environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different microbial agents on bedding treatment of ectopic fermentation of buffalo manure

et al. 2022

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“…Gases are inevitably produced during composting. Therefore, NH 3 losses and the decomposition of organic matter could possibly have increased the acidity of the compost [5]. NH 3 reacts with water vapor in the air to form ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH), which increases the acidity (lowers the pH) of the compost [28].…”

Section: Temperature Matrix Ph and Ec Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, agricultural byproducts are biodegradable and can be converted into organic amendments to improve soil quality for sustainable crop production [4]. Although most organic materials have intricate structures, aerobic composting has proven to be a viable technique for transformation and nutrient build-up and a standard approach for ensuring end-product stability and maturation [5]. In addition, humic substances are important end-products of composting and play a key role in compost quality [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture-Induced Effects on Lignocellulosic and Humification Fractions in Aerobically Composted Straw and Manure

et al. 2023

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Humic substances affect compost stability and maturation. However, the intricate structure of lignocellulosic materials hinders the biodegradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, often promoting the use of synthetic additives which results in microbial inactivation and death. Therefore, this study examined the effects of optimal moisture levels (MC1 = 45%, MC2 = 55%, and MC3 = 65%) on lignocellulosic and humification fractions in aerobically composted straw and manure. The study showed that 65% moisture content was more efficient in decomposing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, with hemicellulose (115.3% w/w ≈ 47.1%) degrading more than cellulose (76.0% w/w ≈ 39.5%) and lignin (39.9% w/w ≈ 25.9%). However, in compost heaps with 45% moisture, the humic acid concentration increased significantly by 12.4% (3.1% w/w) and 17.3% (4.3% w/w) compared with 55% and 65% moisture, respectively. All moisture levels increased the mineralization of humic substances, but the index measured was highest at 65% MC (23.8% w/w) and lowest at 45% MC (18% w/w). In addition, the humification rate showed the trend: 0.083% w/w > 0.087% w/w > 0.100% w/w for MC1, MC2, and MC3, respectively. Overall, the results indicate that an initial moisture content of 65% is aerobically efficient for the conversion of corn straw and cow manure into stable and mature compost.

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“…N 2 O was positively correlated with NO 3 − -N, while negatively correlated with TOC. The reason could be because denitrifying bacteria use carbon source to rapidly propagate and use nitrate as a substrate for denitrification process to reduce nitrogen oxides to N 2 O [10,52]. NH 3 was positively correlated with temperature and NH 4 + -N, which was probably because microorganisms accelerated the decomposition of Org-N compounds through ammonification under the high temperature environment, which leads to a rapid accumulation in NH 4 + -N content [34,48].…”

Section: Relationships Between Gases and Physicochemical Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Aeration Method on Gaseous Emissions and the Losses of the Carbon and Nitrogen during Cow Manure Composting

Wang

Qiu

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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The objective of this research was to explore the effects of different aeration methods on NH3 and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the losses of carbon and nitrogen from composting of cow manure and corn stalks in the laboratory-scale reactors. Here, we designed three treatments, including continuous aerated treatment C1 (aeration rates 0.21 L·kg−1 dry matter (DM)·min−1) and intermittent aerated treatments I1 (aeration rates 0.42 L·kg−1 DM·min−1; aerate 10 min, stop 10 min) and I2 (aeration rates 0.84 L·kg−1 DM·min−1; aerate 5 min, stop 15 min). The results showed that the physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH values, and germination index) of composting products met the requirements of maturity and sanitation. Compared with continuous aerated treatment C1, the cumulative NH3 emissions of I1 and I2 treatments decreased by 24.37% and 19.27%, while the cumulative CO2 emissions decreased by 13.01% and 20.72%. On the contrary, the cumulative N2O emissions of I1 and I2 treatments increased by 22.22% and 43.14%. CO2 emission was the principal pathway for the TOC losses, which comprised over 65% of TOC losses. C1 treatment had the highest TOC losses due to its highest cumulative CO2 emissions. The TN losses of I1 and I2 treatments reduced 9.07% and 6.1% compared to C1 treatment, so the intermittent aerated modes could reduce the TN loss. Due to the potential for mitigation of gaseous emissions, I1 treatment was recommended to be used in aerobic composting of cow manure.

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Moisture-Induced Pattern of Gases and Physicochemical Indices in Corn Straw and Cow Manure Composting

Cited by 10 publications

References 80 publications

Effects of different microbial agents on bedding treatment of ectopic fermentation of buffalo manure

Effects of different microbial agents on bedding treatment of ectopic fermentation of buffalo manure

Moisture-Induced Effects on Lignocellulosic and Humification Fractions in Aerobically Composted Straw and Manure

Influence of Aeration Method on Gaseous Emissions and the Losses of the Carbon and Nitrogen during Cow Manure Composting

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