Moisture ingress in photovoltaic modules: A review

Segbefia, Oscar Kwame; Imenes, Anne Gerd; Sætre, Tor Oskar

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2021.06.055

Cited by 57 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…To analyse the effect that the potential humidity may have in cell degradation, the humidity barrier properties of the coatings should be considered. More precisely, it is well known in the art that the moisture ingress in photovoltaic modules depends on water vapour transmission rate of the encapsulants, which is a function of diffusivity of the materials and their thickness [29,30]. In the present study, the varnish presented a higher thickness, in the range above hundred microns, whereas the other two experimental coatings were only in the few microns scale.…”

Section: Accelerated Aging Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 43%

Composite material incorporating protective coatings for photovoltaic cell encapsulation

Yurrita

Aizpurua

Cambarau

et al. 2022

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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Section: Accelerated Aging Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 43%

Composite material incorporating protective coatings for photovoltaic cell encapsulation

Yurrita

Aizpurua

Cambarau

et al. 2022

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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“…[ 83 ] Volatile reaction products have been shown to cause delamination. [ 81,82 ] EVA degradation is exacerbated in harsh environments and significantly impacts module reliability. In addition, complete EVA recycling is difficult due to partial cross‐linking of bonds within the material.…”

Section: Bifacial Pv Module Technologies and Leakage Current Pathsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Potential‐Induced Degradation in Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules

Molto

Mahmood

et al. 2023

Energy Tech

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Bifacial modules are increasingly deployed in the field and are expected to represent half of the market share within 10 years. Their rear structure differs from monofacial modules to allow additional light absorption. However, it brings new reliability challenges to address. In particular, the risk of potential‐induced degradation (PID) is increased as both module sides are impacted. Different PID processes have been identified in the literature: shunting type (PID‐s), polarization type (PID‐p), Na penetration type, and corrosion type (PID‐c). Their occurrence depends on the photovoltaic system configuration as well as the module's materials. Apart from PID‐s, PID processes are not well understood and extensive research is needed to elucidate the PID scenario and underlying mechanisms. Herein, current knowledge about PID processes and their impact on the main bifacial modules in the market are gathered with the aim to guide future research. Bifacial module technologies and leakage current paths leading to PID are described. Indoor and outdoor PID testing methods are detailed. For each bifacial module technology, the PID processes are investigated with their indicators, mechanism and recovery process. PID‐impacting factors and limitation solutions are finally reported and a state of the art on PID modeling is presented.

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“…TBG which is the energy gain of the bifacial tracking system compared to the fixed system, calculated only for the floating system is reported in Eq. (7).…”

Section: Performances Comparison Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PV module degradation and power loss can be accelerated by the presence of moisture (inside or outside the PV module) together with high temperatures and UV radiation, which in turn can lead to delamination and discolouration of the encapsulations. Potential induced degradation (PID), corrosion of the metal contacts, optical losses, degradation of the PV cells, adhesion losses and other related material degradation [ 7 ]. The combined failure of PV panels and PV inverters is caused by delamination of the edges with water ingress and high string voltage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%