Moisture transport, adhesion, and corrosion protection of PV module packaging materials

Jorgensen, Gary; Terwilliger, K. M.; DelCueto, J.; Glick, S. H.; Kempe, Michael; Pankow, Joel; Pern, F. J.; McMahon, T. J.

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2006.04.003

Cited by 174 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As mentioned, the situation is different for EVA. The initial response is lower compared with PVB, with a peak stress of 6.8 MPa and a stored energy of 5.5 mJ/mm 3 . Exposure to DH results in an increase of both stored energy (+70%) and peak strain (+68%) at a roughly constant peak shear stress level.…”

Section: Evolution Of Adhesion Through Dampheat For Polyvinyl-butyralmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Compressive‐shear adhesion characterization of polyvinyl‐butyral and ethylene‐vinyl acetate at different curing times before and after exposure to damp‐heat conditions

Chapuis

Pélisset

Raeis-Barnéoud

et al. 2012

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Photovoltaic (PV) module efficiency and reliability are two factors that have an important impact on the final cost of the PV electricity production. It is widely accepted that a good adhesion between the encapsulant and the different substrates of a PV module is needed to ensure long-term reliability. Several testing procedures exist that use a metric derived from the force at interface failure to characterize the adhesion. It has, however, not been demonstrated that those metrics relate directly to the interfacial adhesion (defined as the surface energy density needed to break interfacial bonds), and the obtained results usually relate to an apparent adhesion strength. In this work, we describe a new design for compressive-shear testing of polymer layers bonded to rigid substrates. We use it to characterize real interfacial adhesion of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and polyvinyl-butyral (PVB) to a glass substrate before and after degradation in damp-heat. Our results show that a peak-force based metric is unable to capture the evolution of adhesion through degradation, and a new metric based on the elastic strain energy of the encapsulant is proposed. Moreover, we show that PVB adhesion to glass is much more affected by damp-heat exposure where polymer saturation takes place, in comparison with the adhesion of EVA to glass. The presented characterization protocol is a powerful tool that can help in assessing the reliability of an encapsulant facing specific degradation conditions.

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Section: Evolution Of Adhesion Through Dampheat For Polyvinyl-butyralmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This contribution depends on the loading angle θ (45 in the present case) and can be calculated as in (3).…”

Section: Force Controlled Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressive‐shear adhesion characterization of polyvinyl‐butyral and ethylene‐vinyl acetate at different curing times before and after exposure to damp‐heat conditions

Chapuis

Pélisset

Raeis-Barnéoud

et al. 2012

Progress in Photovoltaics

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show abstract

“…The different layers form adhesive bonds with each other during lamination. The quality of encapsulation depends on the adhesion at the interfaces, which may also be potential degradation pathways for moisture ingress [2], [3]. Delamination can occur at these interfaces, as well as cohesively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion requirements for photovoltaic modules of polymeric encapsulation

Zhu

Surier

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)

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“…A recent study also investigated the effect of different rain conditions on a range of building materials and showed the link between surface erosion processes and WDR [3]. Moreover, several authors have indicated structural and performance problems in photovoltaic modules related to moisture ingress and degradation [4][5][6]. With the forecasted climate change, more severe WDR exposure and increased maintenance requirements of buildings are expected [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modeling of turbulent dispersion for wind-driven rain on building facades

et al. 2014

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Wind-driven rain (WDR) is one of the most important moisture sources with potential negative effects on the hygrothermal performance and durability of building facades. The impact of WDR on building facades can be understood in a better way by predicting the surface wetting distribution accurately. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations can be used to obtain accurate spatial and temporal information on WDR. In many previous numerical WDR studies, the turbulent dispersion of the raindrops has been neglected. However, it is not clear to what extent this assumption is justified, and to what extent the deviations between the experimental and the numerical results in previous studies can be attributed to the absence of turbulent dispersion in the model. In this paper, an implementation of turbulent dispersion into an Eulerian Multiphase (EM) model for WDR assessment is proposed. First, CFD WDR simulations are performed for a simplified isolated high-rise building, with and without turbulent dispersion. It is shown that the turbulence intensity field in the vicinity of the building, and correspondingly the turbulence kinetic energy field, has a strong influence on the estimated catch ratio values when turbulent dispersion is taken into account. Next, CFD WDR simulations are made for a monumental tower building, for which experimental data are available. It is shown that taking turbulent dispersion into account reduces the average deviation between simulations and measurements from 24% to 15%.

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Moisture transport, adhesion, and corrosion protection of PV module packaging materials

Cited by 174 publications

References 7 publications

Compressive‐shear adhesion characterization of polyvinyl‐butyral and ethylene‐vinyl acetate at different curing times before and after exposure to damp‐heat conditions

Compressive‐shear adhesion characterization of polyvinyl‐butyral and ethylene‐vinyl acetate at different curing times before and after exposure to damp‐heat conditions

Adhesion requirements for photovoltaic modules of polymeric encapsulation

Numerical modeling of turbulent dispersion for wind-driven rain on building facades

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