Moisturizer effect on Irritant Dermatitis: an overview

Yokota, Miki; Maibach, Howard I.

doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.00890.x

Cited by 51 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…PCs cannot be definitely distinguished from moisturizers or emollients and in some articles they are together referred to as moisturizers [27]. It may be argued that topical preparations influence mainly the regenerative, rather than protective functions of the skin and therefore the use of a barrier cream is of no further benefit than a simple moisturizer.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand Dermatitis: A Review of Clinical Features, Prevention and Treatment

2015

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Hand dermatitis is a socially significant health problem. This review provides a discussion on the clinical features and patterns as well as the differential diagnosis of hand dermatitis, because these are essential for proper diagnosis in clinical practice. The morphology, however, is poorly related to the etiology in chronic cases. In all cases of chronic hand dermatitis, a full diagnostic examination should be undertaken and the etiology should be clarified and addressed in the treatment concept, instead of just moving directly from a morphological diagnosis to therapy. Preventive measures should be included in the treatment concept according to etiology. A stepwise approach for escalating therapy is advised, including basic topical therapy, topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, as well as phototherapy and systemic therapy with corticosteroids, alitretinoin, cyclosporine, methotrexate, azathioprine, and others.

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Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand Dermatitis: A Review of Clinical Features, Prevention and Treatment

2015

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“…Regular use of emollients and barrier creams has been shown to protect against drying and chemical irritation. 5,15 Simple petroleumbased emollients are generally as effective as emollients containing skin-related lipids, although several studies suggest that topical mixtures of key stratum corneum lipids, including ceramides, may accelerate barrier repair. 16,17 Adequate skin hydration is also extremely important for prevention in patients with chronic disease, even when symptoms are well controlled.…”

Section: Hydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nearly all forms of hand dermatitis involve a disruption in the stratum corneum that is usually followed, but in some cases preceded, by a local inflammatory response. 5,6 In simple terms, breeching of the stratum corneum leads to inflammatory cells being called to the scene. Inflammatory activity and transepidermal water losses lead to dryness, cracking, and inflammation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand Dermatitis: Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Perry

Trafeli²

2009

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

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Hand dermatitis is a common condition seen in the primary care setting. Occupational exposures and frequent hand washing often lead to symptoms that are irritating and may cause discomfort. Irritant dermatitis, atopic hand dermatitis and contact hand dermatitis account for at least 70% of all diagnoses. A unifying feature in most cases is an underlying disruption in the stratum corneum, altering its barrier function. Transepidermal water loss increases with barrier disruption and is exacerbated by additional exposure to water. Precise diagnosis and subsequent treatment present a considerable challenge, and hand dermatitis often becomes chronic. Initial treatment should be aimed at controlling inflammation and restoring the skin's natural barrier. Hand dermatitis represents a large proportion of occupation-associated skin disease. The prevalence among the general population has been estimated to be between 2% to 9%, 1 although one recent study cited a prevalence of 17% among a United States managed-care population, 2 whereas another found that prevalence rates may be above 50% in certain occupations. 3Risk factors for hand dermatitis include the use of latex gloves, chemical exposure, and frequent handwashing. Health care professionals, machinists, housekeepers, and beauticians are examples of individuals who are at a higher risk for developing symptoms. Other predictive factors include a history of childhood eczema and female sex. Symptoms often include irritation and discomfort that, in many cases, significantly interfere with normal daily home-or work-related activities.It is estimated that 5% to 7% of patients with hand dermatitis are characterized as having chronic or severe symptoms and 2% to 4% of severe cases are refractory to traditional topical treatment. 4 Management of refractory cases presents a significant challenge to the primary care provider and may require referral. Here I will review the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for cases of hand dermatitis with a focus on irritant, atopic, and contact hand dermatitis. PathogenesisThe stratum corneum is essential in forming a barrier against the external environment and preventing water loss. This superficial layer contains epithelial cells embedded in a lipid bilayer of ceramides, fatty acids, and cholesterol with a water content between 20% and 35%. Nearly all forms of hand dermatitis involve a disruption in the stratum corneum that is usually followed, but in some cases preceded, by a local inflammatory response. 5,6 In simple terms, breeching of the stratum corneum leads to inflammatory cells being called to the scene. Inflammatory activity and transepidermal water losses lead to dryness, cracking, and inflammation. Stratum corneum lipids are mostly water soluble and water exposure from "wet work" can eliminate additional lipids. This explains the paradox regarding water making the hands drier This article was externally peer reviewed.

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“…The body itself has a group of moisturizing substances in the stratum corneum which are called Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF). Among these substances: amino acids, urea and lactic acid, which can also be incorporated into the cosmetic moisturizers [4,5,6]. Due to its hygroscopic capacity, urea is extensively used as moisturizing agent in cosmetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…O próprio organismo possui, no estrato córneo, substâncias umectantes, que compõem o chamado Fator de Hidratação Natural (NMF). Dentre essas substâncias, estão presentes: aminoácidos, ureia e ácido lático, que também podem ser incorporadas aos produtos cosméticos hidratantes [4,5,6]. Devido a sua capacidade higroscópica, a ureia é um agente hidratante amplamente utilizado em cosméticos, além de estar naturalmente presente no estrato córneo, constituindo cerca de 7 % do NMF [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Biometrological methods to evaluate in vivo the skin hydratation of different commercial moisturizers containing 10.0% urea as the main claim

Chaves¹,

D'Agostino²,

Baby³

et al. 2014

BBR

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Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research J o r n a l d e I n v e s t i g a ç ã o B i o m é d i c a e B i o f a r m a c ê u t i c aBiometrological methods to evaluate in vivo the skin hydratation of different commercial moisturizers containing 10.0% urea as the main claim AbstractThe biometrological measurements of skin hydration and transepidermal water loss are important parameters to evaluate the moisturizing ability of creams and lotions suitable for this purpose. This study analyzed, through biometrological tests, the performance of five different commercial moisturizing creams containing 10.0 % urea. The amount of water in the stratum corneum was analyzed by Corneometer®, equipment that measures the skin hydration by capacitance principle. The transepidermal water loss was analyzed by TEWLmeter®, equipment that measures water evaporation through the skin. Student t-tests were applied to these measures, which demonstrated significant differences between the hydration performances of the moisturizing creams analyzed. The moisturizer identified as "D" showed a better moisturizing ability and better prevented transepidermal water loss. Overall, results showed the importance of testing equivalence for topical products, since, as demonstrated in this study, although certain products may contain the same active substance, differences in their vehicles' composition can alter the effectiveness.Keywords: Moisturizers; Skin hydration; Urea; Transepidermical water loss. ResumoAs medidas biometrológicas referentes à hidratação cutânea e à perda de água transepidérmica são parâmetros importantes para avaliação da capacidade hidratante de cremes e loções indicados para tal finalidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal a análise, através de testes biometrológicos, da performance hidratante de cinco tradicionais cremes do mercado que possuem a concentração de 10 % de ureia como seu claim principal. Analisou-se a quantidade de água no estrato córneo através do Corneometer®, equipamento que utiliza o princípio de capacitância para medir a hidratação cutânea; e a perda de água transepidérmica, através do TEWLmeter®, equipamento que mede a taxa de evaporação da água pela pele. Às medidas biometrológicas obtidas, foram aplicados testes do tipo t-Student, a partir dos quais ficou demonstrada a existência de diferenças significativas entre as performances de hidratação dos cremes analisados. O creme identificado como "D" demonstrou melhor capacidade hidratante e melhor prevenção da perda de água transepidérmica. Os resultados mostraram a importância da realização testes de equivalência também para produtos de aplicação tópica, uma vez que, conforme demonstrado neste estudo, apesar de alguns produtos conterem a mesma substância ativa, diferenças na composição de seus veículos podem alterar sua efetividade.

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Moisturizer effect on Irritant Dermatitis: an overview

Cited by 51 publications

References 35 publications

Hand Dermatitis: A Review of Clinical Features, Prevention and Treatment

Hand Dermatitis: A Review of Clinical Features, Prevention and Treatment

Hand Dermatitis: Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Biometrological methods to evaluate in vivo the skin hydratation of different commercial moisturizers containing 10.0% urea as the main claim

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