Molar ratios of dietary phytate to minerals and iron status of female residential students in University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Sultana, Marjia; Hasan, Towhid; Shaheen, Nazma

doi:10.1177/0260106021991633

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The molar ratio of phytate to iron and the molar ratio of vitamin C to iron were used as a determinant of iron absorption, wherein a higher ratio of phytate to iron indicated higher phytate intake and lower iron absorption. On the other hand, a higher molar ratio of vitamin C to iron could increase the absorption of iron and overcome the inhibition caused by phytate intake [ 40 ]. In this study, the molar ratio of phytate to iron was high, while the molar ratio of vitamin C to iron were low, indicating iron inhibition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-based Diet and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Sundanese Adolescent Girls at Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia

Rahfiludin

Arso

Joko

et al. 2021

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

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Background. Adolescent girls are at risk for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) due to the higher demand of iron for growth and the loss of blood during menstruation. Consumption of foods containing iron that have higher bioavailability can reduce the risk of IDA although diets that are largely plant-based, like those consumed by many Sundanese people, may not contain sufficient bioavailable iron. Here, we investigated the correlation between plant-based diets and IDA in adolescent Sundanese girls who were students at Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. Methods. A total of 176 girls from seven Islamic boarding schools in Tasikmalaya were recruited. Nutritional intake data were obtained using 24-hr dietary recall. Blood samples were analyzed with a Sysmex-XNL instrument to measure several parameters including hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Results. The prevalence of IDA in the study population was 22.2%. Iron intake was 6.59 mg/day, which was lower than the recommended amount. The molar ratio of phytic acid to iron and vitamin C to iron was 8.72 and 0.03, respectively. There was a correlation between heme iron and both hemoglobin ( p = 0.009 ) and hematocrit ( p = 0.018 ). Iron from meat, fish, and poultry was correlated with hemoglobin ( p = 0.009 ) and hematocrit ( p = 0.011 ). Conclusion. The Sundanese plant-based diet did not affect the IDA status. Instead, IDA was associated with consumption of less animal-based foods that have iron with higher bioavailability. Increased access to an animal-based menu at the school cafeteria could be an approach to prevent IDA in students at Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-based Diet and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Sundanese Adolescent Girls at Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia

Rahfiludin

Arso

Joko

et al. 2021

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

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“…Using the quantitative intake data of the study populations, the molar ratio of phytate to iron was calculated [8,9,11] as:

([], Intake of phytate ((), mg / day) / 660) / ([], Intake of iron ((), mg / day) / 56) .

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the quantitative intake data of the study populations, the molar ratio of phytate to iron was calculated [8,9,11] as:…”

Section: Phytate-iron Molar Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A phytate‐iron molar ratio >1 implies inhibited bioavailability of iron [10]. In Bangladesh, the ratio is higher than the cut‐off; it is 12.8 in pregnant women [9] and 4.12 in female residential university students [11]. However, against this backdrop of low bioavailability of dietary iron, the national estimated values of haemoglobin and inflammation‐adjusted ferritin are adequate [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytate‐iron molar ratio and bioavailability of iron in Bangladesh

Rahman

Shaheen

2022

Tropical Med Int Health

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OBJECTIVE: Phytate, an important component of plant origin foods, works as a chelator for mineral nutrients such as iron. Estimating the phytate-iron molar ratio is a traditional method to assess the bioavailability of dietary iron, and a ratio >1 is suggestive of poor absorption of iron through the intestinal mucosa. In Bangladesh, the ratio is considerably higher; nonetheless, the haemoglobin and ferritin status are satisfactory. Hence, we appraised phytate-iron molar ratios and concomitant haemoglobin and ferritin status. METHODS: Dietary intake of iron and phytate was estimated in non-pregnant nonlactating women and school-age children from a nationally representative survey. The phytate-iron molar ratios were estimated. Linear regressions on haemoglobin for the phytate-iron molar ratios and on molar ratios predicting inflammation-adjusted ferritin were performed. RESULTS: The median ratios were 6.12 in women and 5.47 in children, with corresponding haemoglobin concentrations of 12.6 and 12.5 g/dl. Hypothetical lowering of the ratios by $50% revealed a nominal increment of haemoglobin and ferritin. CONCLUSION: The standard cut-off phytate-iron molar ratio of >1 is inconsistent with the iron and haemoglobin status of the Bangladeshi population. One plausible explanation for the inconsistency is a non-dietary environmental factor-groundwater iron. Isotope studies incorporating the iron from dietary and the drinking groundwater sources are needed to establish a ratio which might better explain iron bioavailability.

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Development of micronutrient dense composite flour for routine enrichment of complementary foods for children 6–24 months old in Acholi sub-region of Uganda

Ugada,

Okidi,

Ongeng

2023

Discov Food

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Background The use of local foods has been widely recognized as a sustainable strategy to address micronutrient deficiencies among resource-constrained households in rural areas in developing countries. Acholi sub-region of Uganda has recently recorded a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies due to inadequate iron, zinc, and calcium contents in complementary foods. Thus the sub-region was used as a case study to examine the potential of amaranth grain-silverfish-iron rich beans micronutrient dense composite flour in improving nutritional quality of complementary foods. Design Microsoft Excel was used to derive ingredient combinations based on the micronutrient requirements. Laboratory analyses were used to determine (1) nutritional quality; (2) functional properties and; (3) storage stability of the micronutrient-dense composite flour. Data was analysed using a one-sample t-test and analysis of variance by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results The micronutrient-dense composite flour contained 19 mg/100 g, 13 mg/100 g, and 354 mg/100 g of iron, zinc, and calcium, respectively. The cost (0.037–0.058 USD) of the micronutrient-dense composite flour required to meet the RDA for iron and zinc among children 6–24 months old was found lower than the cost (4.81 USD) of a sachet of standard micronutrient powder equivalent to RDA. The product exhibited low bulk density (0.68 g/l), high water solubility index (25.56–29.16%), and short reconstitution time (40.00–45.00 s), and remained safe during the entire 70 days of storage. Theoretically, daily enrichment of complementary foods for children 6–11 and 12–24 months old with 58 and 37 g of the composite, respectively would contribute 100% of the recommended dietary allowance for iron and zinc and 50% for calcium. Conclusion The developed micronutrient-dense composite flour has the potential to improve the micronutrient quality of complementary foods. A concerted effort is required to promote its use as a strategy to address micronutrient deficiencies among children 6–24 months in resource-constrained settings.

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Molar ratios of dietary phytate to minerals and iron status of female residential students in University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Plant-based Diet and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Sundanese Adolescent Girls at Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia

Plant-based Diet and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Sundanese Adolescent Girls at Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia

Phytate‐iron molar ratio and bioavailability of iron in Bangladesh

Development of micronutrient dense composite flour for routine enrichment of complementary foods for children 6–24 months old in Acholi sub-region of Uganda

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