Mold allergy revisited

Portnoy, Jay M.; Jara, David

doi:10.1016/j.anai.2014.10.004

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Indeed, humans are estimated to shed a staggering 15 Increased risks ↑ exposure to mold/dampness ► ↑ risk of asthma development, eczema, allergic rhinitis. 98,141,148,149 Water damage in home ► ↑ risk of allergic rhinitis 149,150,152 Exposure to air pollutants, Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (MVOCs) and other chemicals USA, 122,124,153,154 Europe and North America, 120,141 Taiwan, 155 Hong Kong, China and Japan 143,151,156 Increased risks ↑ Traffic air pollution (TRAP) ► ↑ risk of asthma, sensitization to aero-and food allergens, eczema, and hayfever [83][84][85]120 ↑ Second hand smoke ► ↑ risk of asthma, allergic sensitization, and eczema 120,121,151 No Associations No difference in total VOC concentrations in homes of children with allergic disease and healthy children 144 No association MVOC concentrations and atopic dermatitis 156 Land use around home and urban vs. rural differences…”

Section: Indoor Microbesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking bigger: How early‐life environmental exposures shape the gut microbiome and influence the development of asthma and allergic disease

Sbihi

Boutin

Cutler

et al. 2019

Allergy

139

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Imbalance, or dysbiosis, of the gut microbiome of infants has been linked to an increased risk of asthma and allergic diseases. Most studies to date have provided a wealth of data showing correlations between early-life risk factors for disease and changes in the structure of the gut microbiome that disrupt normal immunoregulation. These studies have typically focused on one specific risk factor, such as mode of delivery or early-life antibiotic use. Such "micro-level" exposures have a considerable impact on affected individuals but not necessarily the whole population. In this review, we place these mechanisms under a larger lens that takes into account the influence of upstream "macro-level" environmental factors such as air pollution and the built environment. While these exposures likely have a smaller impact on the microbiome at an individual level, their ubiquitous nature confers them with a large influence at the population level. We focus on features of the indoor and outdoor human-made environment, their microbiomes and the research challenges inherent in integrating the built environment microbiomes with the early-life gut microbiome.We argue that an exposome perspective integrating internal and external microbiomes with macro-level environmental factors can provide a more comprehensive framework to define how environmental exposures can shape the gut microbiome and influence the development of allergic disease.

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Section: Indoor Microbesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking bigger: How early‐life environmental exposures shape the gut microbiome and influence the development of asthma and allergic disease

Sbihi

Boutin

Cutler

et al. 2019

Allergy

139

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“…Many fungi grow in built environments such as water-damaged homes, schools, and daycare centers, creating severe sanitary problems and potentially being responsible for health issues in humans (Mendell et al, 2011 ). The impact of airborne fungi on human health means that many state-of-the-art reviews have been published on this topic (Rao et al, 1996 ; Dillon et al, 1999 ; Portnoy and Jara, 2015 ). In contrast, far fewer reviews have been published on airborne bacteria in built environments.…”

Section: Sources Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Airborne Bacteria across Built Environments and Its Measurement Standards: A Review

2017

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Human health is influenced by various factors including microorganisms present in built environments where people spend most of their lives (approximately 90%). It is therefore necessary to monitor and control indoor airborne microbes for occupational safety and public health. Most studies concerning airborne microorganisms have focused on fungi, with scant data available concerning bacteria. The present review considers papers published from 2010 to 2017 approximately and factors affecting properties of indoor airborne bacteria (communities and concentration) with respect to temporal perspective and to multiscale interaction viewpoint. From a temporal perspective, bacterial concentrations in built environments change depending on numbers of human occupancy, while properties of bacterial communities tend to remain stable. Similarly, the bacteria found in social and community spaces such as offices, classrooms and hospitals are mainly associated with human occupancy. Other major sources of indoor airborne bacteria are (i) outdoor environments, and (ii) the building materials themselves. Indoor bacterial communities and concentrations are varied with varying interferences by outdoor environment. Airborne bacteria from the outdoor environment enter an indoor space through open doors and windows, while indoor bacteria are simultaneously released to the outer environment. Outdoor bacterial communities and their concentrations are also affected by geographical factors such as types of land use and their spatial distribution. The bacteria found in built environments therefore originate from any of the natural and man-made surroundings around humans. Therefore, to better understand the factors influencing bacterial concentrations and communities in built environments, we should study all the environments that humans contact as a single ecosystem. In this review, we propose the establishment of a standard procedure for assessing properties of indoor airborne bacteria using four factors: temperature, relative humidity (RH), air exchange rate, and occupant density, as a minimum requirement. We also summarize the relevant legislation by country. Choice of factors to measure remain controversial are discussed.

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“…Outdoor fungal aerosol is primarily derived from their growth on plants [25]. Their concentration highly depends on environmental factors and climate conditions [23, 48, 64]. Thus, mold concentration is higher in the late summer and autumn, caused by biomaterial degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of molds and metrological parameters to frequency of severe asthma exacerbation

Al‐Ahmad

Jusufović

Arifhodžić

et al. 2019

Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol

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Background Sensitization to airborne molds may be a risk factor for severe asthma and direct cause of asthma exacerbation (AE). Methods A prospective, 1-year (April 2016–March 2017) study, done in Kuwait Allergy Centre, investigated the link between AEs with exposure to outdoor molds and the role of meteorological parameters in mold sensitized patients and compared with non-allergic asthma patients who had asthma deterioration. The total of 676 adult asthmatics with moderate-severe AEs were included and divided into atopic (85.65%) and non-atopic group. Atopy was defined by positive skin prick test (SPT) to at least one inhalant allergen. Data regarding atopy and asthma severity were collected from patient’s records. Patients with symptoms and signs of acute respiratory infection and patient sensitized to indoor allergens only were excluded. Daily count of local pollens (Salsola kali, Bermuda grass) and molds (Aspergillus, Alternaria and Cladosporium) were obtained from the Aerobiology department. Daily metrological parameters (atmospheric pressure-AP, temperature-T and relative humidity-RH) were provided by Kuwait Environment Public Authority. Count of spores/m 3 and weather variable are shown on weekly basis. The year circle was divided into 4 Seasons (1, 2, 3, 4) accordingly to typical desert climate. Results Sensitization to molds was relatively high but significantly less (25.0%) if compared to the pollens sensitization. The highest number of AEs was in season 4 for both molds and pollens sensitized patients. Seasonal patterns for both allergens were significant and positively correlated with RH and AP. In season 1 only, mold sensitized patients showed higher rate of AEs. Non-atopic patients have been less sensitive to increased RH than atopic. Negative correlation with T was similar in both atopic and non-atopic patients. Conclusion Despite of high rate of sensitization to molds, their significant role in triggering AE was not found in desert environment. Typical desert climate and high allergencity of local weeds outweigh the influence of the molds.

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Mold allergy revisited

Cited by 21 publications

References 54 publications

Thinking bigger: How early‐life environmental exposures shape the gut microbiome and influence the development of asthma and allergic disease

Thinking bigger: How early‐life environmental exposures shape the gut microbiome and influence the development of asthma and allergic disease

Transmission of Airborne Bacteria across Built Environments and Its Measurement Standards: A Review

Association of molds and metrological parameters to frequency of severe asthma exacerbation

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