Aiming at the construction of novel soft actuators through
the
amplified motions of molecular machines at the nanoscale, the design
and synthesis of a new family of photoresponsive rotaxane-branched
dendrimers through an efficient controllable divergent approach was
successfully realized for the first time. In the third-generation
rotaxane-branched dendrimers, up to 21 azobenzene-based rotaxane units
located at each branch, thus making them the first successful synthesis
of light-control integrated artificial molecular machines. Notably,
upon alternative irradiation with UV and visible light, photoisomerization
of the azobenzene stoppers leads to the collective and amplified motions
of the precisely arranged rotaxane units, resulting in controllable
and reversible dimension modulation of the integrating photoresponsive
rotaxane-branched dendrimers in solution. Moreover, novel macroscopic
soft actuators were further constructed based on these photoresponsive
rotaxane-branched dendrimers, which revealed fast shape transformation
behaviors with an actuating speed up to 21.2 ± 0.2° s–1 upon ultraviolet irradiation. More importantly, the
resultant soft actuators could produce mechanical work upon light
control that has been further successfully employed for weight-lifting
and cargo transporting, thus laying the foundation toward the construction
of novel smart materials that can perform programmed events.