Molecular All-Photonic Encoder−Decoder

Abstract

Abstract:In data processing, an encoder can compress digital information for transmission or storage, whereas a decoder recovers the information in its original form. We report a molecular triad consisting of a dithienylethene covalently linked to two fulgimide photochromes that performs as an all-photonic single bit 4 to 2 encoder and 2 to 4 decoder. The encoder compresses the information contained in the four inputs into two outputs. The inputs are light of four different wavelengths that photoisomerize the fulgimide, dithienylethene, or both. The outputs are absorbance at two wavelengths. The two decoder inputs are excitation at two wavelengths, whereas the four outputs, which recover the information compressed into the inputs, are absorbance at two wavelengths, transmittance at one wavelength, and fluorescence emission. The molecule can be cycled through numerous encoder and decoder functions † Chalmers University of Technology ‡ Arizona State University 2 without significant photodecomposition. Molecular photonic encoders and decoders could potentially be used for labeling and tracking of nano-and microscale objects as well as for data manipulation. ________________________________________________________________

DNA-based advanced logic circuits for nonarithmetic information processing

“…Until now, only three systems have been reported to build a 4-to-2 EC on the molecular level, two of which were performed with comprehensive synthetic organic molecules or expensive metal complexes. 23,24,33 Here, we demonstrate the construction of a molecular 4-to-2 EC via DNA hybridization-induced optical signals. The operation of the Figure S6) are available in the SI.…”

“…An EC is a digital device that compresses information for efficient transmission or storage by converting data into a code. 23,24 In principle, a single-bit 4-to-2 EC converts 4 input bits into 2 output bits (Figure 3a). Until now, only three systems have been reported to build a 4-to-2 EC on the molecular level, two of which were performed with comprehensive synthetic organic molecules or expensive metal complexes.…”

“…Complementary to a 4-to-2 EC, a 2-to-4 DC performs the opposite process, converting the compressed data back into the original format. 23,24 To date, only two 2-to-4 DCs have been reported based on either comprehensive synthetic organic molecules or expensive metal complexes. 23,24 Boosted by the importance of this logic device, the construction of a biomolecular system to mimic a 2-to-4 DC is highly desirable because it has potential applications in sensing and labeling as well as information manipulation.…”

“…Firstly, only fluorescence is utilized as the single signal generation mode, bringing convenience to the operation. In previous studies, the developed DC usually involved several types of optical signals as readouts, such as light absorption, emission or transmission, 21,23,24 making the operation complicated and limiting its further development. Secondly, the utilization of a DNA biomaterial here increases the biocompatibility for potential applications in the biomedical field because each state of a 2-to-4 DC corresponds to a combination, determining whether both, either or neither of the analytes considered as inputs exists in an organism or other complex system.…”

“…11,12 In addition to futuristic speculations to construct molecular computers, the biocompatibility here provides additional value in terms of potential applications in biomedical sensing, genetic engineering, intelligent diagnosis and on-demand drug delivery, 2,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19] in comparison with previously related studies based on complex organic molecules or expensive metal complexes. [20][21][22][23][24] …”