Molecular Analyses of a Putative CTXφ Precursor and Evidence for Independent Acquisition of Distinct CTXφs by Toxigenic
            <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>

Boyd, E. Fidelma; Heilpern, Andrew J.; Waldor, Matthew K.

doi:10.1128/jb.182.19.5530-5538.2000

Cited by 86 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…V. mimicus, unlike V. cholerae, is negative in sucrose, Voges-Proskauer, corn oil and Jordan tartrate reactions (Davis et al, 1981). Comparative sequence analysis of the housekeeping gene malate dehydrogenase (mdh) from V. mimicus isolates showed the mean pairwise divergence between V. cholerae and V. mimicus was approximately 10 %, which is equivalent to the divergence between Salmonella enterica LT2 and E. coli K-12 (Boyd et al, 1994(Boyd et al, , 2000aByun et al, 1999;O'Shea et al, 2004a). In addition, analysis of groE-I and groEL-II on chromosomes 1 and 2, respectively, of V. cholerae and V. mimicus also demonstrated the divergence of both species from one another (Reen & Boyd, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The species V. mimicus is closely related to V. cholerae; however, V. mimicus is phenotypically and genotypically distinct from V. cholerae and can be readily differentiated from V. cholerae (Boyd et al, 2000a;Byun et al, 1999;Davis et al, 1981;O'Shea et al, 2004a;Reen & Boyd, 2004). V. mimicus, unlike V. cholerae, is negative in sucrose, Voges-Proskauer, corn oil and Jordan tartrate reactions (Davis et al, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular evolution of Vibrio pathogenicity island-2 (VPI-2): mosaic structure among Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus natural isolates

Jermyn

Boyd

2005

Microbiology

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Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative rod that inhabits the aquatic environment and is the aetiological agent of cholera, a disease that is endemic in much of Southern Asia. The 57·3 kb Vibrio pathogenicity island-2 (VPI-2) is confined predominantly to toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and O139 serogroup isolates and encodes 52 ORFs (VC1758 to VC1809), which include homologues of an integrase (VC1758), a restriction modification system, a sialic acid metabolism gene cluster (VC1773–VC1783), a neuraminidase (VC1784) and a gene cluster that shows homology to Mu phage. In this study, a 14·1 kb region of VPI-2 comprising ORFs VC1773 to VC1787 was identified by PCR and Southern blot analyses in all 17 Vibrio mimicus isolates examined. The VPI-2 region in V. mimicus was inserted adjacent to a serine tRNA similar to VPI-2 in V. cholerae. In 11 of the 17 V. mimicus isolates examined, an additional 5·3 kb region encoding VC1758 and VC1804 to VC1809 was present adjacent to VC1787. The evolutionary history of VPI-2 was reconstructed by comparative analysis of the nanH (VC1784) gene tree with the species gene tree, deduced from the housekeeping gene malate dehydrogenase (mdh), among V. cholerae and V. mimicus isolates. Both gene trees showed an overall congruence; on both gene trees V. cholerae O1 and O139 serogroup isolates clustered together, whereas non-O1/non-O139 serogroup isolates formed separate divergent branches with similar clustering of strains within the branches. One exception was noted: on the mdh gene tree, V. mimicus sequences formed a distinct divergent lineage from V. cholerae sequences; however, on the nanH gene tree, V. mimicus clustered with V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 isolates, suggesting horizontal transfer of this region between these species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular evolution of Vibrio pathogenicity island-2 (VPI-2): mosaic structure among Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus natural isolates

Jermyn

Boyd

2005

Microbiology

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“…The ctxAB genes, which encode CT, are integral components of a novel filamentous phage CTX (64), and the TCP biosynthesis genes are encoded on the Vibrio pathogenicity island (hereafter designated VPI-1) (35). A number of studies have found that the two main virulence factors, CT and TCP, are predominately associated with V. cholerae O1 and O139 serogroup strains and are only occasionally found in nonepidemic isolates (5,7,8,10,13,25,40,47,49,50,55).…”

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Evolutionary Genetic Analysis of the Emergence of Epidemic Vibrio cholerae Isolates on the Basis of Comparative Nucleotide Sequence Analysis and Multilocus Virulence Gene Profiles

et al. 2004

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Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is a natural inhabitant of the aquatic ecosystem. We examined a unique collection of V. cholerae clinical and environmental isolates of widespread geographic distribution recovered over a 60-year period to determine their evolutionary genetic relationships based on analysis of two housekeeping genes, malate dehydrogenase (mdh) and a chaperonin (groEL). In addition, the phylogenetic distribution of 12 regions associated with virulence was determined. Comparative sequence analysis of mdh revealed that all V. cholerae O1 and O139 serogroup isolates belonged to the same clonal lineage. Single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of these O1 and O139 strains at groEL confirmed the presence of an epidemic clonal complex. Of the 12 virulence regions examined, only three regions, Vibrio seventh pandemic island 1 (VSP-I), VSP-II, and RS1, were absent from all classical V. cholerae isolates. Most V. cholerae El Tor biotype and O139 serogroup isolates examined encoded all 12 virulence regions assayed. Outside of V. cholerae O1/O139 serogroup isolates, only one strain, VO7, contained VSP-I. Two V. cholerae El Tor isolates, GP155 and 2164-78, lacked both VSP-I and VSP-II, and one El Tor isolate, GP43, lacked VSP-II. Five non-O1/non-O139 serogroup isolates had an mdh sequence identical to that of the epidemic O1 and O139 strains. These isolates, similar to classical strains, lack both VSP-I and VSP-II. Four of the 12 virulence regions examined were found to be present in all isolates: hlyA, pilE, MSHA and RTX. Among non-O1/non-O139 isolates, however, the occurrence of the additional eight regions was considerably lower. The evolutionary relationships and multilocus virulence gene profiles of V. cholerae natural isolates indicate that consecutive pandemic strains arose from a common O1 serogroup progenitor through the successive acquisition of new virulence regions.

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“…Of the nearly 200 recognized serogroups of V. cholerae only two, O1 and O139, have been associated with cholera epidemics by ingestion of contaminated water or food. The other serogroups, the non-O1/non-O139 strains, are frequently isolated from environmental sources and have been associated with sporadic gastrointestinal diseases and extraintestinal infections (6).…”

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Allelic Diversity and Population Structure in Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal Based on Nucleotide Sequence Analysis

et al. 2002

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Comparative analysis of gene fragments of six housekeeping loci, distributed around the two chromosomes of Vibrio cholerae, has been carried out for a collection of 29 V. cholerae O139 Bengal strains isolated from India during the first epidemic period (1992 to 1993). A toxigenic O1 ElTor strain from the seventh pandemic and an environmental non-O1/non-O139 strain were also included in this study. All loci studied were polymorphic, with a small number of polymorphic sites in the sequenced fragments. The genetic diversity determined for our O139 population is concordant with a previous multilocus enzyme electrophoresis study in which we analyzed the same V. cholerae O139 strains. In both studies we have found a higher genetic diversity than reported previously in other molecular studies. The results of the present work showed that O139 strains clustered in several lineages of the dendrogram generated from the matrix of allelic mismatches between the different genotypes, a finding which does not support the hypothesis previously reported that the O139 serogroup is a unique clone. The statistical analysis performed in the V. cholerae O139 isolates suggested a clonal population structure. Moreover, the application of the Sawyer's test and split decomposition to detect intragenic recombination in the sequenced gene fragments did not indicate the existence of recombination in our O139 population.

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Molecular Analyses of a Putative CTXφ Precursor and Evidence for Independent Acquisition of Distinct CTXφs by Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae

Cited by 86 publications

References 46 publications

Molecular evolution of Vibrio pathogenicity island-2 (VPI-2): mosaic structure among Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus natural isolates

Molecular evolution of Vibrio pathogenicity island-2 (VPI-2): mosaic structure among Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus natural isolates

Evolutionary Genetic Analysis of the Emergence of Epidemic Vibrio cholerae Isolates on the Basis of Comparative Nucleotide Sequence Analysis and Multilocus Virulence Gene Profiles

Allelic Diversity and Population Structure in Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal Based on Nucleotide Sequence Analysis

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