Molecular Analysis of MgO Nanoparticle-Induced Immunity against Fusarium Wilt in Tomato

Abstract

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), is a devastating soilborne disease in tomatoes. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) induce strong immunity against Fusarium wilt in tomatoes. However, the mechanisms underlying this immunity remain poorly understood. Comparative transcriptome analysis and microscopy of tomato roots were performed to determine the mechanism of MgO NP-induced immunity against FOL. Eight transcriptomes were prepared from tomato roots treated under eight different conditions. Differentially expressed genes were compared among the transcriptomes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that in tomato roots pretreated with MgO NPs, Rcr3 encoding apoplastic protease and RbohD encoding NADPH oxidase were upregulated when challenge-inoculated with FOL. The gene encoding glycine-rich protein 4 (SlGRP4) was chosen for further analysis. SlGRP4 was rapidly transcribed in roots pretreated with MgO NPs and inoculated with FOL. Immunomicroscopy analysis showed that SlGRP4 accumulated in the cell walls of epidermal and vascular vessel cells of roots pretreated with MgO NPs, but upon FOL inoculation, SlGRP4 further accumulated in the cell walls of cortical tissues within 48 h. The results provide new insights into the probable mechanisms of MgO NP-induced tomato immunity against Fusarium wilt.

Manganese Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Mechanisms of Influence on Plant Resistance to Stress, and Prospects for Application in Agricultural Chemistry

“…It was shown that metal NPs can affect the level of expression of genes encoding the synthesis of the vacuolar proton exchanger, SOD, cytochrome P450-dependent oxidase, and PER, 153 miRNAs genes, 154 and genes encoding aquaporins in seeds. 155 Takehara et al 156 demonstrated that MgO NPs induce strong immunity against Fusarium wilt in tomatoes, which was associated also with differential expression of several genes and provided new insights into the probable genetic mechanisms explaining this immunity. However, we are unaware of studies on how Mn NPs effect gene expression, and such studies are obviously much needed.…”

Application of magnesium oxide nanoparticles as a novel sustainable approach to enhance crop tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses

“…Another recent study reported the molecular analysis mediated tomato immunity against fungal (fusarium wilt) disease. 104 Enrichment analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed that treatment with MgO NPs upregulated the Rcr3 encoding apoplastic protease and RbohD encoding NADPH oxidase when exposed to fusarium wilt infection. The gene encoding glycine-rich protein 4 (SIGRO4) was rapidly transcribed in tomato roots pre-supplemented with MgONPs.…”

Enumeration of Pathogenic Bacteria from Automatic Teller Machine (ATMs) Keyboard, a Case Study of ATM Machine of Branch 448 Unity Bank Plc Jahun, Jahun Local Government, Jigawa State

“…Viruses are also included, although they cannot live or reproduce on their own. These cells may require magnification to be seen but when cultured on solid media that allows their growth and multiplication; they form visible colonies consisting of millions of cells [8].…”